Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
The goal of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is to create a learning environment that is open and
accessible to all students, regardless of age, skills, or situation. Instruction based on principles of
universal design is flexible and supportive, can be adjusted to meet different student needs, and
enables all students to access the curriculum as fully as possible. In a UDL framework, teachers use
systematic approaches and programs that allow the greatest number of students to be successful
and gain the required skills and knowledge.
word study
Word study is an instructional approach to develop word reading skills that builds on the
foundation of phonemic awareness, phonics and decoding skills and incorporates other relevant
aspects of words such as morphology (See: Morphology) and semantics. Word study helps to make
explicit orthographic patterns across words. Word study can be part of reading, spelling, and
vocabulary instruction past K-3, and it becomes progressively more complex.
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Further reading and references
Educator knowledge of foundational early reading skills and how
children develop early reading
American Federation of Teachers and Moats, L. (2020). Teaching Reading Is Rocket Science, 2020:
What Expert Teachers of Reading Should Know and Be Able to Do
Armbruster, B. B., Lehr, F., & Osborn, J. (2003). Put reading first: The research building blocks for
teaching children to read. Kindergarten through grade 3. (2nd ed.). Jessup, MD: ED Pubs.
Ehri, L.C. (2014) Orthographic mapping in the acquisition of sight word reading, spelling memory,
and vocabulary learning. Scientific Studies of Reading 18(1), 5-21.
Kilpatrick, D.A. (2015). Essentials of Assessing, preventing, and overcoming reading difficulties.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
National Reading Panel (US), National Institute of Child Health, Human Development (US), National
Reading Excellence Initiative, National Institute for Literacy (US), United States. Public Health
Service, & United States Department of Health. (2000).
Ontario Human Rights Commission. (2022). Right to Read: Public inquiry into human rights issues
affecting students with reading disabilities. Toronto: Author.
Ontario Ministry of Education. (2003). Early Reading Strategy: The Report of the Expert Panel on
Early Reading in Ontario. Toronto: Author.
O’Sullivan, J., Canning, P., Siegel, L., & Olivieri, M. E. (2009). Key factors to support literacy success in
school-aged populations: A literature review. Report prepared for the Council of Ministers of
Education. Statistics Canada.
Rose, Jim. "Independent review of the teaching of early reading." (2006).
Effective Early Reading Instruction |
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