BO‘LISHSIZ DARAK GAPLAR 1. Bo‘lishsiz gaplarda kesim bo‘lishsiz shaklda keladi. Not inkor
yuklamasi kesim tarkibidagi yordamchi yoki modal fe’ldan keyin qo‘yiladi.
Agar kesim tarkibida yordamchi yoki modal fe’l bo‘lmasa (Simple Present yoki Simple Past), do, does yoki did yordamchi fe’llari olinadi. Asosiy
fe’lning to yuklamasisiz shakli ishlatiladi. Og‘zaki nutqda not yordamchi
fe’l yoki modal fe’llar bilan qo‘shilib ketadi:
I have not (haven’t) seen him to-
day.
Men uni bugun ko‘rganim
yo‘q.
He is not (isn’t) waiting for you.
U sizni kutmayapti.
Ali will not (won’t) go there.
Ali u yerga bormaydi.
She cannot (can’t) come today.
U bugun kela olmaydi.
He does not (doesn’t) work here.
U bu yerda ishlamaydi.
They did not (didn’t) tell me about
it.
Ular menga bu haqda
gapirishmadi.
2. Agar kesimda ikki va undan ortiq yordamchi fe’l bo‘lsa not yuklamasi
birinchi yordamchi fe’ldan keyin qo‘yiladi:
It has not been done yet.
Bu hali bajarilmadi.
He will not have fi nished his work by fi ve o’clock.
U soat beshgacha ishini
tugata olmaydi.
3. Ingliz tilida bo‘lishsizlik not yuklamasini emas, bo‘lishsiz olmoshlar
— no, nobody, no one, nothing, bo‘lishsiz ravishlar — never, nowhere, va bo‘g‘lovchilar neither … nor yordamida ham yasaladi. Bu holda kesim
bo‘lishli shaklda bo‘ladi, chunki ingliz tilida bitta gapda faqat bitta inkor
bo‘lishi mumkin:
I received no letters yesterday.
Men kecha hech qanday xat ol-
madim.
No one (nobody) has seen it.
Buni hech kim ko‘rmagan.
Nothing has happened.
Hech norsa (sodir) bo‘lmadi.
I have never heard about it.
Men bu haqda hech qachon eshitma-
ganman.