283
We found
nobody
(no one) at home.
= We did
not fi nd
anybody
at home.
Biz uyda hech kimni topmadik.
I have read
nothing about it.
= I have
not read
anything
about it.
Men bu haqda hech narsa o‘qiganim yo‘q.
We went
nowhere after supper.
= We did
not go
anywhere
after supper.
Biz kechki ovqatdan keyin hech qayerga bormadik.
I could remember
neither the name
of = the author
nor the
title of the
book.
I could
not remember
either the
name of the author
or the title of
the book.
Men na muallifning ismini, na kitobning nomini eslay olmayman.
Bo‘lishsiz olmoshlar, ravishlar va bog‘lovchilar quyidagicha
almashtirilishi mumkin:
no
not … any
nobody
not … anybody
no one
not … anyone
nothing
not … anything
nowhere
not … anywhere
neither … nor
not … either … or
never
not … ever
Not … any, either … or bilan yasalgan bo‘lishsiz gaplar
no va
uning
yasamalari yoki
neither … nor bilan yasalgan bo‘lishsiz gaplarga qara ganda
ko‘proq ishlatiladi. Ammo
to have fe’li va
there is birikmasi bilan bo‘lishsiz
gaplarda ot oldida
no qo‘yish ko‘proq ishlatiladi.
Never ravishi hech qachon
not … ever bilan almashtirilmaydi.
5. Bo‘lishsiz
ega hech qachon not … any va ularning yasamalaridan
yasalmaydi. Bu holda faqat
no one, nobody, nothing yoki
otlar bilan no,
neither… nor ishlatiladi:
No one (nobody) has seen it.
Buni hech kim ko‘rgan emas.
Nothing happened yesterday.
Kecha hech narsa sodir bo‘lmadi.
No steamer left the port yes-
terday.
Kecha portni birorta ham paro
xod
tark etmadi.
Neither the window nor the
door was open.
Na eshik, na deraza ochiq edi.
6.
There is birikmasi bilan bo‘lishsizlik
no one, nobody, nothing
yordamida ham,
not … anyone, not … anybody, not … anything yordami-
284
da ham yasaladi.
Not yuklamasi
to bening shakllari
bilan qisqartirmalar hosil
qiladi:
isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t:
There is
nobody in the garden.
There
isn’t anybody in the garden.
}
Bog‘da hech kim yo‘q.
There is
nothing in the box.
There
isn’t anything in the box.
}
Qutida hech narsa yo‘q.
So‘roq gaplar (Interrogative sentences)
Umumiy ma’lumotlar
1. So‘roq gaplar ikki xil bo‘ladi: umumiy so‘roq gaplar va maxsus so‘-
roq gaplar. Umumiy so‘roq gaplar (
General Questions) suhbatdan savol da
ifodalangan fi krni
tasdiq yoki inkor qiladigan ha yoki
yo‘q javobini olish
uchun ishlatiladi. Umumiy so‘roq gaplar yordamchi fe’llar yoki modal fe’llar
bilan boshlanadi:
Do you speak English?
Siz ingliz tilida gapirasizmi?
Can you translate this article
without a dictionary?
Siz bu maqolani lug‘atsiz tarjima
qila olasizmi?
2. Maxsus so‘roq gaplar (
Special Questions) gapning biror bo‘lagiga
berilgan bo‘lib,
who, what, whose, how, when, where va boshqa so‘roq
so‘z lar bilan boshlanadi:
Dostları ilə paylaş: