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4. Harakatni (qatnovni) ifodalaydigan
to leave jo‘namoq, tark etmoq, to
start jo‘namoq, to sail suzib ketmoq, to return qaytib kelmoq, to arrive
yetib kelmoq, to go bormoq, to come kelmoq kabi fe’llar bilan
Simple
Present kelasi zamondagi ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.
Bunda kelasi zamonni
ko‘rsatuvchi payt holi bo‘lishi kerak:
Does your brother
arrive on Mon-
day?
Akangiz dushanba kuni yetib ke-
ladimi?
The steamer
sails tomorrow.
Paroxod ertaga suzib ketadi.
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE (ODDIY O‘TGAN ZAMON )
ODDIY O‘TGAN ZAMONNING YASALISHI
1.
Simple Pastni yasashda to‘g‘ri fe’llarning o‘zagiga
-ed qo‘shim-
chasi qo‘shiladi: to work — I work
ed, to live — I liv
ed, to expect — I ex-
pect
ed.
-ed qo‘shimchasi [d], [t] yoki [id] deb o‘qiladi: liv
ed, work
ed, expect
ed.
Noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning
Simple Pastdagi shakli turli yo‘llar bilan yasaladi:
to speak –
spoke; to begin –
began; to sell
– sold; to lose –
lost.
2.
Simple Pastning bo‘lishsiz shakli fe’lning asosiy shaklidan oldin
did
yordamchi fe’li va
not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Ega +
did + not + V
Bu yerda
V-fe’lning o‘zagi,
to yuklamasisiz kelgan infi nitiv.
I
did not work. He
did not work. I
did not speak. He
did not speak.
3.
Simple Pastning so‘roq
shakli eganing oldiga did yordamchi fe’lini va
egadan keyin asosiy fe’lning o‘zagini qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Did + ega +
V?
Did I
work? Did he
work? Did I
speak? Did he
speak?
ODDIY O‘TGAN ZAMONNING ISHLATILISHI
1.
Simple Past o‘tgan zamonda sodir bo‘lgan ish-hrakatni ifodalash
uchun ishlatiladi. Bu zamon o‘tgan zamonda sodir bo‘lgan voqealarni hikoya
qilishda ishlatiladi.
2.
Simple Past yesterday kecha, last week o‘tgan hafta, an hour ago
bir soat ilgari, the other day shu kunlarda, o‘tgan kunlarda, on Monday
79
dushan bada, in 1998 1998-yilda, during the war urush davrida kabi payt
hollari bilan hamma vaqt ishlatiladi:
The goods
arrived yesterday.
Mollar kecha keldi.
The negotiations
ended last week.
Muzokaralar o‘tgan haftada tugadi.
He
came at fi ve o’clock.
U soat beshda keldi.
I
spoke to him the other day.
Men shu kunlarda u bilan gaplash-
dim.
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