Critical Thinking in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom
There is no doubt that Critical Thinking is crucial in all fields (Changwong, Sukkamart, & Sisan,
2018; Heard, Scoular, Duckworth, & Ramalingam, 2020; Nazir, 2010; Santos, 2017). However,
its role is significant in those disciplines where language is used to communicate ideas. When
people are using language, they are not just putting together parts of speech but demonstrating
their thinking. The potential foreign language learners exhibit to organize their ideas in a language
that is not theirs implies using various Critical Thinking skills that teachers should benefit.
Unfortunately, English as a foreign language teaching has traditionally given too much importance
to the development of language knowledge (vocabulary and grammar) and skills (reading,
listening, speaking, writing) while neglecting the cultivation of students' Critical Thinking. This is
mainly because teachers erroneously believe that students cannot use their Critical Thinking skills
until they have mastered the new language. In other words, teachers believe that language
competence compares with cognitive ability.
Consequently, teachers give students low order thinking skills tasks such as multiple-choice
exercises, close-ended questions, and repetition drills. Accordingly, students are given little or no
opportunity to "experience" language. This teaching approach results in making classes too
elementary, dull for teachers and students, and stagnating in meaningful learning.
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Pol. Con. (Edición núm. 57) Vol. 6, No 4, Abril 2021, pp. 358-370, ISSN: 2550 - 682X
Infusing Critical Thinking Skills in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom: A
Meaningful Experience for Teachers and Students
As previously indicated, all students, no matter their field of study, need to expand their Critical
Thinking skills. However, this expansion is not the result of random sporadic exposure. On the
contrary, students should be given planned and frequent opportunities to exercise and develop their
thinking skills, specially those of higher thought levels. Critical Thinking can broaden EFL
students' perspectives and horizons not only in the use of language but also in how they conceive
the world around them when using the target language. Foreign language learners who have been
trained in Critical Thinking skills are self-confident when expressing themselves and use language
creatively to use relevant information, reason coherently, and come to consistent and reliable
conclusions. Therefore, it is highly recommended that EFL teachers initiate their students in
developing Critical Thinking skills at the early stages of language development if they want to
achieve higher language performance goals in the short term.
Critical Thinking skills are not innate in humans but learned. More exposure to essential tasks of
thinking results in the improvement of abilities and resources that students can use in various
contexts and circumstances. As a learned ability, Critical Thinking can be taught and practiced at
any phase of the EFL session, from presentation to practice and production as well as for
assignments, term papers, and examinations (Qing, 2013).
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