optimistic belief : Randy Pausch and Jeffrey Zaslow, The Last Lecture (New York: Hyperion, 2008), 145.
Abraham Lincoln : Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Simon &
Schuster, 2006), 104.
men were earning substantially more money : Linda Babcock and Sara Laschever, Women Don’t Ask: The High Cost of Avoiding Negotiation—and Positive Strategies for Change (New York: Bantam, 2007); Deborah A. Small, Michele Gelfand, Linda
Babcock, and Hilary Gettman, “Who Goes to the Bargaining Table? The Influence of Gender and Framing on the Initiation of
Negotiation,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 93 (2007): 600–613.
large concessions : Emily T. Amanatullah, Michael W. Morris, and Jared R. Curhan, “Negotiators Who Give Too Much: Unmitigated
Communion, Relational Anxieties, and Economic Costs in Distributive and Integrative Bargaining,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95 (2008): 723–738.
income penalty : Timothy A. Judge, Beth A. Livingston, and Charlice Hurst, “Do Nice Guys—and Gals—Really Finish Last? The Joint
Eff ects of Sex and Agreeableness on Income,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 102 (2012): 390–407.
Studies in more controlled settings : Bruce Barry and Raymond A. Friedman, “Bargainer Characteristics in Distributive and
Integrative Negotiation,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74 (1998): 345–359.
are women more likely to be givers than men? : Alice H. Eagly and Maureen Crowley, “Gender and Helping Behavior: A Meta-
Analytic Review of the Social Psychological Literature,” Psychological Bulletin 100 (1986): 283–308.
second factor at play : see Lilach Sagiv, “Vocational Interests and Basic Balues,” Journal of Career Assessment 10 (2002): 233–257;
Idit Ben-Shem and Tamara E. Avi-Itzhak, “On Work Values and Career Choice in Freshmen Students: The Case of Helping vs.
Other Professions,” Journal of Vocational Behavior 39 (1991): 369–379; Jeylan T. Mortimer and Jon Lorence, “Work
Experience and Occupational Value Socialization: A Longitudinal Study,” American Journal of Sociology 84 (1979): 1361–1385;
and Robert H. Frank, “What Price the Moral High Ground?” Southern Economic Journal 63 (1996): 1–17.