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Lesson 10
Theme: Main features of sentences. Compound sentences and their types
Level: Intermediate
Materials: Blackboard, Projector, laptop, different handouts
Aim: To raise the awareness about
the Course “Practical Grammar”
Time:
80 min
There are 3 kinds of non-finite forms of the verbs. They are: Infinitive, Gerund, Participle. The
gerund and the infinitive have much in common since they both have some nominal and some
verbal features. However, in the infinitive the verbal nature is more prominent, whereas in the
gerund the nominal one.
2. With the verbs
to begin
and
to start
either form may generally be used, but again the gerund is
preferable when the action is more general.
She
began singing
when a child. She went over to the piano and
began to sing.
No
gerund is used:
a) when the finite verb is in the continuous form.
He
is beginning to study
French.
It’s beginning to rain.
b) with the verbs
to understand
and
to see
(meaning
to understand
).
He began
to understand
how it was done.
c) when the subject denotes a thing, not a living being.
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The doors began
to creak
.
The clock began
to strike
.
I shall never
forget hearing
him sing
(Я никогда не забуду как он пел).
Don’t forget to post
the letters! (Не забудь опустить
письма). I
didn’t forget to post
the letters. (Я не забыл
опустить письма).
5. a) after
to stop
the gerund is used when it suggests the end of the action denoted by the
gerund, whereas the infinitive is used as an adverbial of purpose.
Stop
arguing!
(Перестань
спорить!)
I
stopped talking.
(Я замолчал).
I
stopped to talk
to a friend of mine (Я
остановилась, чтобы поговорить с другом).
b)
The phrasal verb
to go on
with a gerund suggests the continuation of the action, denoted by
the gerund and forms part of a compound verbal predicate; an infinitive points out a new stage in
the sequence of actions.
The
teacher
went on explaining
the
use of verbals (continued). (...
продолжал объяснять ...)
The teacher
went on to explain
he
use of the gerund after
some verbs. (... объяснял одно правило за другим .... т. е.
употребление герундия после разных глаголов).
6. The verb
to allow
is used with a gerund when it is not followed by an indirect object.
They
don’t allow smoking
here. (Здесь курить
запрещено).
They
allowed us to smoke.
(Они разрешили
нам курить).
Participle I is a non-finite form of the verb with some adjectival and adverbial features. It is
formed
by adding the suffix
-ing
to the stem of the verb.
a)
Seeing Jane
, I rushed to greet her.
We didn’t utter a word while
listening to the story.
b)
Rising early
, you’ll make your days longer.
Do you know the man
sitting in the middle of the first row
?
c)
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