The Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee (2013) state that ‘no particular delivery strategy … appears to result in consistently superior outcomes in persons with type 2 diabetes; however, larger effect sizes have been noted with strategies that involve personal contact with health care providers, either face-to-face interactions or by telephone. A combination of didactic and interactive teaching methods, as well as group and individual sessions, appears to be most effective for persons with type 1 diabetes’ (p S29). http://guidelines.diabetes.ca/App_Themes/CDACPG/resources/cpg_2013_full_en.pdf.
For type 1 diabetes, the American Diabetes Association recommend that people with type 1 diabetes and parents/caregivers should receive culturally sensitive and developmentally appropriate individualised DSME and DSMS according to national standards at diagnosis and routinely thereafter. The specific content is detailed in the table below:
