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It's one of the most famous discovery stories in history. In 1928, the Scottish scientist
Alexander Fleming noticed a bacteria-filled Petri dish in his laboratory with its lid
accidentally ajar. The sample had become contaminated with a mold, and everywhere the
mold was, the bacteria was dead. That antibiotic mold turned out to be the fungus
Penicillium, and over the next two decades, chemists purified it and developed the drug
penicillin, which fights a huge number of bacterial infections in humans without harming
the humans themselves.
Penicillin was being mass-produced and advertised by 1944. This poster attached to a
curbside mailbox advised World War II servicemen to take the drug to rid themselves of
venereal disease.
About 1 in 10 people have an allergic reaction to the antibiotic, according to a study
published in 2003 in the journal Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology. Even so,
most of those people go on to be able to tolerate the drug, researchers said.
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