222
Moving Mirrors
acknowledge court-centered writing as the standard against which all
other writing is to define itself. Perhaps through this decision, together
with the
bakufu
’s co-optation or mimicry of the institutions, rituals, and
language of court authority,
The Mirror of the East
was intended to dem-
onstrate that the authority of the warrior had arrived.
PASTS REFINED
One other casualty of the decision not to include a preface in
The Mirror
of the East
is the overt thematization of the past. Whereas
The Great Mir-
ror
and
The New Mirror
had promised that history would be revealed to
be governed by (karmic) causality,
The Water Mirror
and
The China Mir-
ror
, albeit in diff
erent ways, drew on a discourse about the past that char-
acterized it as moving along a trajectory of decline. Yet
The Mirror of the
East
remains silent on this matter. To consider how the work addresses
the nature of the past and the ends to which it is put, I return to Paul
Ricoeur’s notion, introduced in chapte
r
2, of the relationship between any
history and its “founding violence.”
69
This offers a way to think through
some of the implications of producing an institutionally focused history
of the
bakufu
’s founding and development in the final decade of the thir-
teenth century.
Yamashita Hiroaki has pointed to the “precarity” of the
bakufu
in
the wake of the attempted Mongol invasions of 1274 and 1281, which is
near the time of the presumed composition of
The Mirror of the East
.
70
It is perhaps with this uncertainty in mind that the stakes behind nar-
rating the history of the office of the shogun take on additional signifi-
cance. Yamashita and others have called attention to the mythic nature
of the founding narrative itself, and I will not retrace their work.
71
What
I wish to focus on is the “founding violence” and the recurring smaller-
scale battles that serve as continued reminders of the legitimacy of the
bakufu
as the legacy of that violence.
72
Unlike the narrative of violence
69. Ricoeur,
Memory, History, Forgetting
, 82.
70. Yamashita, “Kantō no
<
rekishi
>
kijutsu,” 10.
71. Ibid.
72. In a reading that pairs
The Mirror of the East
with
Soga monogatari
(The Tale of
the Soga Brothers), Gomi proposes regicide as a symbolic recurring motif in
The Mirror
of the East
(
Zōho Azuma kagami no hōhō
, 48–51).
The Past in the Wake of the Mongols
223
in
The Water Mirror
that downplayed the impact of the Genpei War,
The
Mirror of the East
opens with the war that enables Yoritomo’s rise to power
and eventual occupation of the office of shogun. In this, I suggest it ac-
knowledges the Kamakura regime’s “original relation to war.”
73
Ricoeur’s writing on “founding violence” emphasizes the contingency
of such a result: “What we celebrate under the heading of founding events
are, essentially, violent acts legitimated after the fact by a precarious state
of right.”
74
The logic of
The Mirror of the East
can be interpreted as an
attempted refutation of a position such as this: what it celebrates should
not be precarious, because it is endorsed by gods and buddhas alike. As
already seen, otherworldly support is most dramatically invoked in the
founding war, but it is also reaffirmed in those military clashes that un-
successfully threaten to unseat the
bakufu
. Each time, cosmological aid
works in favor of the Kamakura-based powers. Specifically, it rallies
behind the regent, who is nominally acting on behalf of the shogun.
In fact, by recording the codification of the
bakufu
’s ritual, military,
civil, and judicial practices,
The Mirror of the East
offers a means of self-
legitimization that is derived from the “institutionalization” of
bakufu
au-
thority in all of its facets. The repetition of ritual acts across the
bakufu
’s
would-be sphere of authority can be read as intended, to borrow Ricoeur’s
words affirmatively this time, to “[tie] together values, norms, models of
relations and behaviors, roles.”
75
It reminds readers of
The Mirror of the
East
that the law of the
bakufu
(in all senses) is the law of an increasing
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