224
Moving Mirrors
that Ishii details, however, are primarily practical in nature, with the at-
tempted construction of a defensive coastal
wall being the most dra-
matic and concrete example.
78
Had the danger of the Mongols been the
bakufu
’s only test, that alone would have posed significant difficulties—
in particular, the task of duly compensating those who had fought the
invaders.
79
But challenges also came from within, including the jockeying
for power that culminated in the Shimotsuki Disturbance of 1285, a coup
led by Taira no Yoritsuna (died 1293) that wiped out the powerful Ada-
chi family.
80
Preoccupied with its survival in the face of these various threats, the
bakufu
seems to have let slide some of the more ritualistic performances
of authority. The realization of this oversight may well have been an im-
petus for compiling
The Mirror of the East
.
81
After all, the
bakufu
’s inac-
tion with respect to ritual stood in marked contrast to the court’s effec-
tive capitalization on the ability to invoke
divine assistance when
confronted with the Mongols. Thomas Conlan characterizes the dispa-
rate approaches of the court and the
bakufu
in the face of threatened in-
vasion as follows:
Although courtiers and warriors alike prayed for success in war, Kyōto, and
not Kamakura, took the lead in mobilizing the gods. The court ignored
the initial Mongol missives of 1266, but began enacting esoteric rituals of
destruction against foreigners (
ikoku chōbuku
異国調伏
) during the third
month of 1268. . . . After the 1281 invasion, the court (and the retired sov-
ereign Kameyama in particular) took the most active role in cursing the
Mongols. The Kamakura
bakufu
belatedly promulgated prayers in eight of
Japan’s sixty-six provinces in 1283 and did not apparently start issuing na-
tionwide prayers throughout Japan until 1290.
82
78. Ishii, “Decline of the Kamakura Bakufu,” 142–44.
79. Ishii, “Decline of the Kamakura Bakufu,” 130, 141–42, and 148–49.
80. On the general tensions, see Ishii, “Decline of the Kamakura Bakufu,” 148. On
the
Shimotsuki Disturbance, see ibid., 150–52.
81. Ishii suggests that advancing the
bakufu
’s position was a goal of the practical
and strategic reforms, but he does not address this more performative type of authority
(“Decline of the Kamakura Bakufu,” 142). In terms of the collapse of Kamakura, Ishii
credits the
bakufu
’s ill-fated involvement with succession issues at court as the final
straw (ibid., 160–62).
82. Conlan,
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