play as a more or less sexualized avatar and their self-objectification, body
dissatisfaction, and hostility towards a female partner were gauged.(16)
Lara Croft:
Tomb Raider Underground
was used for the more sexualized avatar situation, while
Lara Croft: Tomb Raider
was used for the non-sexualized avatar situation. They
showed little connection between the level of sexualization of the participants’ avatars
and their body dissatisfaction or hostility towards female partners.
Dill, Brown, and Collins (17) studied the impacts of sexualized avatars
specifically on player tolerance of sexual harassment.
Researchers assigned male
subjects to play with either sex-coded or control video games characters and measured
their responses to sexual harassment and their RMA.
Short-term exposure showed
correlation with greater tolerance of sexual harassment, and long-term exposure
showed positive correlation for both.
Driesmanns, Vandenbosch, and Eggermont (18) studied the effects of
sexualization of female avatars specifically on adolescents.
Subjects were randomly
selected to play a video game as either a sexualized or a control female avatar.
Researchers then measured their RMA and tolerance of sexual harassment.
Results
displayed a positive correlation for both traits in relation to sexualization of the female
avatar.
II. Avatars and Player Behavior
Five studies (19-23) investigated the effects of sexualized avatars on the
external experiences of their players. Their results indicated a consensus that playing
with sexualized avatars increased the likelihood of players to engage in sexually
harassing behavior towards others.
Yao, Mahood, and Linz (19) studied the effects of playing sexually explicit video
games which featured objectification of women characters.
Male subjects first played
either a sexually explicit or control game and then were given a survey to measure their
sexual thoughts and tendencies for sexual harassment. Subjects who played sexually
explicit video games were more likely to have sexually objectifying thoughts about and
commit sexually inappropriate behavior towards women.
Burnay, Bushman, and Larøi (20) conducted a study which was able to confirm
the results of the experiment by Yao, Mahood, and Linz.
They investigated whether
playing with sexualized characters affects external sexual harassment by assigning
subjects to either play with a sexualized or non-sexualized female character in the
fighting game
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