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States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their
Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason
unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession
in open Court.”[(Constitution of the US, Article III section 3]
In addition, we can also witness the frequent use of unusual prepositions in English
legal texts. According to scholar Charrow [1979], examples of such prepositions
are
"as" and
"in the event of". Also, although the pronoun "any" is considered
redundant in other styles, it is often used in formal style texts:
any children, any
other assets, any encumbrances.
Just like in the Uzbek language, we can find many pairs of words in the English
language. Such words are often found in legal texts. It should be noted that the use
of such words is one of the distinctive features of legal discourse. Such words
include:
Last will and Testament,
Give and bequeath,
Will and bequest,
Aid and
abet,
Cease and desist,
Rules and regulations.
Archaic words. The most important aspect of legal English is that it uses a lot of
archaic words, such as Middle English words and Old English words. This
characteristic of the language indicates its regularity, solemnity, strictness and
authoritativeness. It should be noted that the influence of Old English and Middle
English in modern English is very large. Although words from these periods are
hardly used in modern everyday English, legal and legal texts retain archaic words
from these periods and words that convey their meanings.
Words such as whereby, thereafter, hereby, henceforth, which are considered
conjunctions, are often found in legal English. In addition to such archaic
expressions, the famous linguist David Mellinkoff also gives the following
examples:
Dostları ilə paylaş: