Systemic scleroderma

Part ventricular arrythmia during ECG monitoring*

Reduction in the concentration of potassium ions*

Reduction in the concentration of calcium ions

2657. 2 drugs used for the treatment of diastolic heart failure

1. 
   Adrainomimetiki
   
2. 
   Expectorants
   
3. 
   Betablockers*
   
4. 
   Inhibitors slow calcium channels*
   

2658. 2 formy heart failure (pobystrote of symptoms)

1. 
   Acute*
   
2. 
   Subacute
   
3. 
   Chronic*
   
4. 
   Recurrent
   

2659. 2 Pathogenesis left ventricular heart failure

1. 
   Overload of left ventricular pressure*
   
2. 
   Right ventricular pressure overload
   
3. 
   Overload left ventricular volume*
   
4. 
   Right ventricular volume overload
   

2660. 2 etiology of left ventricular chronic heart failure

1. 
   CHD*
   
2. 
   Chronic pulmonary heart
   
3. 
   malformations of the aortic valve*
   
4. 
   Constrictive pericarditis
   

2661. The etiology of chronic right ventricular heart failure

1. 
   constrictive pericarditis*
   
2. 
   chronic pulmonary heart*
   
3. 
   Mitral insufficiency
   
4. 
   Defects of the aortic valve
   

2662. Biventricular etiology of chronic heart failure

1. 
   Myocarditis*
   
2. 
   Alcohol heart damage*
   
3. 
   Miksoma of right atrium
   
4. 
   Defects of the aortic valve
   

2663. The pathogenesis of right heart failure (2)

1. 
   Right ventricular pressure overload*
   
2. 
   Atherosclerotic aortic
   
3. 
   Right ventricular volume overload*
   
4. 
   Left ventricular volume overload
   

2664. Etiology of acute heart failure with low cardiac output (2)

1. 
   Anemia
   
2. 
   Myocardial infarction*
   
3. 
   Gipotireoz
   
4. 
   Myocarditis*
   

2665. The etiology of acute heart failure with low cardiac output (2)

1. 
   Hypothyroidism
   
2. 
   Arrhythmias*
   
3. 
   Myocarditis*
   
4. 
   Arteriovenous fistula
   

2666. Echocardiographic criteria for chronic heart failure (2)

1. 
   Left ventricular hypertrophy
   
2. 
   Extension left ventricular cavity*
   
3. 
   Increase the end systolic and diastolic dimensions of the left ventricle*
   
4. 
   An increase in ejection fraction
   

2667.Echocardiographic criteria for chronic heart failure (2)

1. 
   Left ventricular hypertrophy
   
2. 
   Narrowing of the left ventricular cavity
   
3. 
   Increase the end systolic and diastolic dimensions of the left ventricle*
   
4. 
   Reduced ejection fraction*
   

2668. 2 of biochemical markers of chronic heart failure

1. 
   troponin T
   
2. 
   troponin I
   
3. 
   brain natriuretic peptide*
   
4. 
   Atrial natriuretic peptide*
   

2669. 2 stage of pulmonary edema

1. 
   Fibrosis
   
2. 
   Interstitial*
   
3. 
   Alveolar*
   
4. 
   Calsification
   

2670.III Stage of chronic heart failure, N.D. Strazhesko, V.H. Vasilenko (2)

1. 
   Severe hemodynamic systemic circulation*
   
2. 
   Severe hemodynamic pulmonary circulation*
   
3. 
   Hidden heart failure
   
4. 
   Encephalopathy
   

2671.2 clinical manifestations of left ventricular failure

1. 
   dyspnea, cardiac asthma*
   
2. 
   Hydrothorax*
   
3. 
   Swelling of the feet
   
4. 
   Increase the liver
   

2672.Stage IIA Stage circulatory failure of Strazhesko Vasilenko characterized

1. 
   Constant shortness of breath and worse after a small load*
   
2. 
   Tachycardia continued and intensified after a small load*
   
3. 
   The appearance of shortness of breath, fatigue only under load
   
4. 
   Ascites, hydrothorax
   

2673.Stage IIA Stage circulatory failure of Strazhesko - Vasilenko is characterized by 2 symptoms

1. 
   Tachycardia continued and intensified after a small load*
   
2. 
   Exists myogenic dilatation of the heart, the stagnation in the small circle*
   
3. 
   The appearance of shortness of breath, fatigue only under load
   
4. 
   Ascites, hydrothorax
   

2674.Diagnostics of chronic heart failure (2)

1. 
   ECG by Holter*
   
2. 
   Spirography
   
3. 
   Echocardiography*
   
4. 
   angiography
   

2675.2 Specify the state with high cardiac output

1. 
   Massive obesity*
   
2. 
   Cirrhosis*
   
3. 
   Hypothyroidism
   
4. 
   Pericarditis
   

2676. Gout is a disease associated with metabolic disorders of purine and is characterized by the following features:

1. 
   The increase of serum uric acid*
   
2. 
   Loss of urate in the tissues of the joints, kidneys, and blood vessels*
   
3. 
   Increase in the content of uric acid in urine
   
4. 
   Redness of the skin
   

2677.What are the 2 primary pathogenic forms of gout:

1. 
   Metabolic (increase of uric acid synthesis in the body)*
   
2. 
   Kidney (impaired excretion of uric acid in the body)*
   
3. 
   Metabolic (increased excretion of uric acid in the kidneys)
   
4. 
   Hepatic (delayed release of urate in the liver)
   

2678.What are the 2 diseases that often cause secondary gout:

1. 
   Obesity*
   
2. 
   Diabetes*
   
3. 
   Chronic liver failure
   
4. 
   Chronic hepatitis
   

2679.What are 2 common risk factors for gout:

1. 
   Consumption of foods rich in purines (meat, brain, liver, beans, chocolate)*
   
2. 
   Decreased physical activity*
   
3. 
   Genetic predisposition
   
4. 
   Increased physical activity
   

2680.Enter the normal uric acid in the blood of men and women:

1. 
   For men 0.3-0.42 mmol/l*
   
2. 
   For women 0.24-0.36 mmol/l*
   
3. 
   For men 0.25-0.3 mmol/l
   
4. 
   For women 0.20-0.26 mmol/l
   

2681.Name 2 causes of joints deformation in gout:

1. 
   Destruction of the articular surfaces*
   
2. 
   Periarticularurateinfiltration of tissue with the tophiformation*
   
3. 
   Subluxations
   
4. 
   Proliferative changes in periarticular tissues
   

2682.Specify the 2 basic radiographic changes typical for gout:

1. 
   Joint space narrowing*
   
2. 
   "Punch" sign*
   
3. 
   Expansion of joint space
   
4. 
   "Niche" symptom
   

2683.Tophi are the depositions of urate under the skin to form dense, quite clearly demarcated arthritic knots risingabove the surface of the skin. What is characteristic of these signs:

1. 
   Localized in the ears, elbow, knee, feet and hands*
   
2. 
   Content of tophi white curdled mass (urate crystals)*
   
3. 
   Develop in the first few months of illness
   
4. 
   Content of tophi – cartilage tissue
   

2684.Specify 2 diseases, which must be differentiated with gout:

1. 
   Reactive arthritis*
   
2. 
   Osteoarthritis with synovitis*
   
3. 
   Rheumatic fever
   
4. 
   Systemic lupus erythematosus
   

2685.What are 2 diseases that often cause secondary gout:

1. 
   Leukemias*
   
2. 
   Chronic renal failure*
   
3. 
   Chronic liver failure
   
4. 
   Chronic hepatitis
   

2686.What are 2 metabolic diseases, often associated with gout:

1. 
   Obesity*
   
2. 
   Diabetes*
   
3. 
   Atherosclerosis
   
4. 
   Hyperthyroidism
   

2687.Name 2 "malicious sisters",i.e. metabolic blood disorders, most often marked in gout:

1. 
   hypercholesterolemia*
   
2. 
   hyperglycemia*
   
3. 
   uremia
   
4. 
   proteinuria
   

2688.Specify the contingent of people most vulnerable to the gout disease:

1. 
   35 men over 40 years*
   
2. 
   brainworkers*
   
3. 
   15-16 years old boys
   
4. 
   physical laborers
   

2689.What are 2 reasons that can provoke gouty arthritis:

1. 
   Consumption of foods rich in purines (meat, beans)*
   
2. 
   Alcohol*
   
3. 
   Use of cultured milk foods
   
4. 
   Consumption of food rich in purines (rice, cheese, onions)
   

2690.Describe the symptoms of intermittent gout:

1. 
   arthritis attacks 1 to 3 times per year, for up to 6 to 10 days; in periods of remission the health state of the patient is satisfactory*
   
2. 
   intermittenthyperuricemia*
   
3. 
   arthritisattacks 1 to 2 times per year for up to 6 months
   
4. 
   constant hyperuricemia
   

2691.What is better to use for relief of acute gouty arthritis?

1. 
   Colchicine*
   
2. 
   NSAIDs*
   
3. 
   Allopurinol
   
4. 
   Anturane
   

2692.What symptoms are characteristic of acute gouty arthritis?

1. 
   Single joint is affected*
   
2. 
   Joint inflammation begins suddenly*
   
3. 
   Affects several joints
   
4. 
   Inflammation of the joints begins gradually
   

2693.What causes kidney damage in gout?

1. 
   Interstitial nephritis*
   
2. 
   Formation of stones in the renal pelvis*
   
3. 
   Glomerulonephritis
   
4. 
   Amyloidosis
   

2694.What is not allowed in acute gouty arthritis?

1. 
   Administration of furosemide*
   
2. 
   Routing to spa treatment*
   
3. 
   Administration of colchicine
   
4. 
   Administration of NSAIDs
   

2695.What sign can be used for differential diagnosis of gout and osteoarthritis in favor of the gout?

1. 
   Sharp, starting in the morning with intense attacks of arthritis pain, redness of joints, fever*
   
2. 
   Rough deformation of joints without tendency to ankylosis*
   
3. 
   Heberden’snodules
   
4. 
   Start pain
   

2696.What foods contain the greatest amount of uric acid and purines:

1. 
   legumes*
   
2. 
   beef, pork, veal*
   
3. 
   chicken eggs
   
4. 
   milk and milk products
   

2697.Gout is characterized by:

1. 
   asymmetric lesion*
   
2. 
   lesion ofI metatarsal joint*
   
3. 
   impairment of cervical and thoracic spinejoints
   
4. 
   symmetricallesion
   

2698.Xray specificsigns of gout:

1. 
   Round "stamped" defects of epiphyses*
   
2. 
   Joint space narrowing*
   
3. 
   Usuras of epiphysis
   
4. 
   Osteophytes
   

2699.Following statements are true for the gout except one:

1. 
   Most suffering middleaged men*
   
2. 
   Characterized by the development of urolithiasis and secondary pyelonephritis*
   
3. 
   Attack of gouty arthritis usually blocked by analginum
   
4. 
   More common in middleaged women
   

2700.What are the tophi?

1. 
   Deposition of uric acid saltsin tissues*
   
2. 
   White curdled mass*
   
3. 
   Osteophytes
   
4. 
   Inflammatory granulomas
   

2701.Note disease belonging to the group of seronegative spondiloarthrites

1. 
   disease starts from*
   
2. 
   Reiter's syndrome*
   
3. 
   Lyme disease
   
4. 
   Behcet's disease
   

2702.Most characteristic features of seronegative spondiloarthrites

1. 
   family aggregation*
   
2. 
   lack of rheumatoid factor*
   
3. 
   are more likely to develop in women than in men
   
4. 
   subcutaneous nodules
   

2703.Which of the following signs allow suspect ankylosing spondylitis

1. 
   lower back pain, sacral pain and spine*
   
2. 
   expressed morning stiffness*
   
3. 
   progression of radiological changes in peripheral joints
   
4. 
   Bursitis
   

2704.Which of the following is characteristic of ankylosing spondylitis

1. 
   develops more frequently in men than in women*
   
2. 
   eye involvement may be the first manifestation of the disease*
   
3. 
   regular physical exercise is contraindicated
   
4. 
   skin rash on the face
   

2705.Note radiographic change characteristic of ankylosing spondylitis

1. 
   quadratization of vertebrae*
   
2. 
   formation of osteophytes
   
3. 
   Osteoporosis
   
4. 
   Sacroileitis*
   

2706.Mark disease belonging to the Group of seronegative spondiloarthrites

1. 
   Bechterew's Disease*
   
2. 
   Behcet's Disease
   
3. 
   Rheiter's Disease*
   
4. 
   Raynaud's Disease
   

2707.Change of 2 laboratory values observed at ankylosing spondylitis

1. 
   Increased ESR*
   
2. 
   Antinuclear factor
   
3. 
   Positive rheumatoid factor
   
4. 
   negative rheumatoid factor*
   

2708.All seronegative spondyloarthropathies have following similar signs

1. 
   signs of sacroileitis*
   
2. 
   association with HLA B27*
   
3. 
   presence of LE cells
   
4. 
   symptom of "punch"
   

2709.Which disease is diagnostic for more frequent carriers of HLAB27

1. 
   ankylosing spondylitis*
   
2. 
   Reiter's syndrome*
   
3. 
   inflammatory bowel disease
   
4. 
   all listed
   

2710.What 2 conclusions of the role of HLAB27 are correct

1. 
   identification of HLAB27 is set to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis
   
2. 
   absence of HLAB27 excludes the diagnosis of seronegative spondylarthritis
   
3. 
   identifying carriers of HLAB27 is indicative of the presence of seronegative spondylitis*
   
4. 
   definition of HLAB27 is shown in case of ankylosing spondylitis*
   

2711.Name most likely 2 Exciter reactive arthritis urinogenous etiology

1. 
   Ureoplasma*
   
2. 
   Yersinia
   
3. 
   Shigella
   
4. 
   Chlamydia*
   

2712.What are most likely 2 etiologic factors of reactive arthritis

1. 
   Postenterocolitic
   
2. 
   Yersinia*
   
3. 
   Salmonella*
   
4. 
   Chlamydia
   

2713.Name 2 antibiotics for the longterm treatment of reactive arthritis

1. 
   Ampicillin
   
2. 
   Doxacyclin*
   
3. 
   Linkomicin
   
4. 
   Vibramicin*
   

2714.Specify 2 modified clinicallaboratory values in ankylosing spondylitis

1. 
   increased ESR*
   
2. 
   increased CRP*
   
3. 
   antinuclear factor
   
4. 
   rheumofactor
   

2715. Characteristic symptoms of Reiter's disease laboratory are

1. 
   rheumatoid factor
   
2. 
   increase in ESR*
   
3. 
   detection Chlamydia in smear from the urethra*
   
4. 
   proteinuria
   

2716.Typical radiographic changes in reactive arthritis

1. 
   "friable" heel spurs*
   
2. 
   singlesided sacroileitis*
   
3. 
   ankylosing of the spine
   
4. 
   usuras
   

2717.Sacroileitis often develops when

1. 
   Rheumatoid arthritis
   
2. 
   Osteoarthritis
   
3. 
   Psoriatic arthritis*
   
4. 
   ankylosing spondylitis*
   

2718.Exception criteria of psoriatic arthritis

1. 
   Availability
   
2. 
   Rheumatoid nodules
   
3. 
   Sacral osteolysis*
   
4. 
   Tophuses*
   

2719.Entesopathia tend to occur when

1. 
   Bechterew's disease8
   
2. 
   Rheumatoid arthritis
   
3. 
   gout
   
4. 
   Reiter's disease*
   

2720.Radiological signs of ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease) are

1. 
   unilateral sacroileitis
   
2. 
   double sided sacroileitis*
   
3. 
   osteophytes tuber bones and pelvic bones
   
4. 
   Spinal ligament ossification*
   

2721.Patents with ankylosing spondylitis have the following laboratory data

1. 
   accelerated ESR*
   
2. 
   increased CRP levels*
   
3. 
   leukopenia
   
4. 
   positive RF test
   

2722.The main complaint of patients with mitral stenosis

1. 
   shortness of breath*
   
2. 
   asphyxia (cardiac asthma)*
   
3. 
   epigastric pain
   
4. 
   nausea, vomiting
   

2723. P «mitrale» is

1. 
   broadening of the P wave for more than 012 seconds*
   
2. 
   twohumped P wave in I, II, AVL, V₅, V₆ leads* 
   
3. 
   increasing height of P wave
   
4. 
   lengthening of PQ interval
   

2724.The most common cause of mitral stenosis

1. 
   acute rheumatic fever*
   
2. 
   atherosclerosis*
   
3. 
   pulmonary hypertension
   
4. 
   anemia
   

2725.The main complaints of patients with mitral stenosis

1. 
   hemoptysis*
   
2. 
   voice hoarseness*
   
3. 
   swelling
   
4. 
   joint pain
   

2726.Indications for surgical treatment of mitral stenosis

1. 
   critical degree of stenosis*
   
2. 
   pulmonary hypertension*
   
3. 
   ulcer bleeding
   
4. 
   circulatory insufficiency stage III
   

2727. Etiology of mitral regurgitation

1. 
   acute rheumatic fever*
   
2. 
   rupture of papillary muscle*
   
3. 
   pulmonary hypertension
   
4. 
   flu
   

2728.The direct sign of mitral valve insufficiency in Doppler study

 throw of a blood jet from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole

1. 
   turbulent diastolic flow in the projection of the mitral valve*
   
2. 
   aortic regurgitation jet into the left ventricle*
   
3. 
   vegetation
   
4. 
   rupture of a chord
   

2729.Indications for surgical treatment of mitral stenosis

1. 
   cardiac asthma*
   
2. 
   thromboembolism*
   
3. 
   ulcer bleeding
   
4. 
   anemia
   

2730. Etiology of mitral regurgitation

1. 
   infective endocarditis*
   
2. 
   postoperative failure*
   
3. 
   pulmonary hypertension
   
4. 
   hypothyroidism
   

2731.Etiology of aortic stenosis

1. 
   acute rheumatic fever*
   
2. 
   atherosclerosis*
   
3. 
   hyperthyroidism
   
4. 
   myocarditis
   

2732. Etiology of aortic valve regurgitation

1. 
   acute rheumatic fever*
   
2. 
   infective endocarditis*
   
3. 
   hyperthyroidism
   
4. 
   anemia
   

2733. Etiology of stenosis of the right atrioventricular opening

1. 
   acute rheumatic fever*
   
2. 
   myxoma of the right atrium and blood clots*
   
3. 
   bacterial endocarditis
   
4. 
   atherosclerosis
   

2734. The clinical presentation of stenosis of the right atrioventricular opening

1. 
   swelling of the lower legs*
   
2. 
   ascites*
   
3. 
   dyspnea
   
4. 
   cardiac asthma
   

2735.Primary diseases of tricuspid valve leading to its failure

1. 
   acute rheumatic fever*
   
2. 
   tricuspid valve prolapse*
   
3. 
   anemia
   
4. 
   thyrotoxicosis
   

2736.Multivalve defects of the heart are

1. 
   mitral and aortic defects*
   
2. 
   mitral and tricuspid defects*
   
3. 
   mitral stenosis and insufficiency
   
4. 
   aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency
   

2737.What a heart valve abnormality usually precedes the development of acquired heart disease

1. 
   endocarditis with severe destruction and sclerosis chordal strands*
   
2. 
   endocarditis with severe destruction and sclerosis of the valve leaflets*
   
3. 
   anemia
   
4. 
   cirrhosis of the liver
   

2738.Primary disease of tricuspid valve leading to its insufficiency

1. 
   infective endocarditis*
   
2. 
   rheumatoid arthritis*
   
3. 
   reactive arthritis
   
4. 
   osteoarthritis
   

2739.Most common acquired valvular defects

1. 
   Mitral*
   
2. 
   Aortic*
   
3. 
   arterial
   
4. 
   venous
   

2740.What defects are distinguished, according to poor circulation

1. 
   compensated defect*
   
2. 
   decompensated defect*
   
3. 
   classical
   
4. 
   ventricular
   

2741.What is the compensated heart disease

1. 
   heart disease without evidence of heart failure*
   
2. 
   disorders of peripheral blood circulation*
   
3. 
   digestive disorders
   
4. 
   high blood pressure
   

2742.Complaints of patients with aortic insufficiency

1. 
   Palpitation*
   
2. 
   heart pain*
   
3. 
   hemoptysis
   
4. 
   bradycardia
   

2743.List diseases, leading to the development of acquired heart disease

1. 
   Brucellosis*
   
2. 
   Syphilis*
   
3. 
   Hypertonic disease
   
4. 
   Pancreatitis
   

2744. Specify 2 basic auscultatory signs of stenosis of the ostium of the aorta

1. 
   systolic noise in II intercostal space on the right from breastbone*
   
2. 
   weakened II tone on aorta*
   
3. 
   accent of the II tone on the pulmonary artery
   
4. 
   weakening of the I tone at the apex
   

2745. Therapy of acute glomerulonephritis with nephritic syndrome includes:

1. 
   hydrocortisone
   
2. 
   kapoten*
   
3. 
   intal
   
4. 
   isoket*
   

2746.Acute glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome is characterized by:

1. 
   leukocyturia, hematuria and proteinuria
   
2. 
   hematuria*
   
3. 
   proteinuria and hypertension*
   
4. 
   proteinuria, hypertension and hyperlipidemia
   

2747.Acute nephritic syndrome is manifested by:

1. 
   Edemas*
   
2. 
   shortness of breath*
   
3. 
   hypertension
   
4. 
   hematuria
   

2748.What are the complications of acute glomerulonephritis:

1. 
   oligoanuria in the acute phase of the disease with the development of the ARF*
   
2. 
   massive renal bleeding*