Systemic scleroderma

Anemia*

Thrombocytopenia, a sharp increase in gamma globulins*

Leukocytosis

Polycythemia

Thrombocytosis

2828. 3 The absolute indications for surgical treatment of infective endocarditis

1. 
   Expressed heart failure*
   
2. 
   Resistance to antibiotic therapy within 3 weeks*
   
3. 
   Abscess heart*
   
4. 
   Rhythm disturbance
   
5. 
   Conduction disturbances
   
6. 
   Myocardial infarction
   

2829. Name prognostically unfavorable signs of infective endocarditis

1. 
   No streptococcus etiology of endocarditis*
   
2. 
   Expressed heart failure*
   
3. 
   Involvement of the aortic valve*
   
4. 
   Young age
   
5. 
   female
   
6. 
   male
   

2830. The most characteristic clinical symptoms of infective endocarditis are

1. 
   Fever, chills*
   
2. 
   Increase the spleen*
   
3. 
   Symptom Lukin – Liebman*
   
4. 
   Increase in liver
   
5. 
   Petechial on the skin, bleeding in the mucosa of the lower eyelids
   
6. 
   epigastric pain
   

2831. List the diagnostic criteria for immunoinflammatory phase BE

1. 
   Development of heart disease*
   
2. 
   Fever, after declining corticosteroids*
   
3. 
   Increase the spleen*
   
4. 
   Normalization of temperature after antibiotics
   
5. 
   Geperalbuminemiya
   
6. 
   Hyperproteinemia
   

2832. 3 classic symptoms of acute ES

1. 
   heart murmur*
   
2. 
   fever*
   
3. 
   anemia*
   
4. 
   erythrocytosis
   
5. 
   leukopenia
   
6. 
   hyperproteinemia
   

2833.3 classic symptoms of acute IE

1. 
   Noise in the heart*
   
2. 
   Fever*
   
3. 
   Anemia*
   
4. 
   Erythrocytosis
   
5. 
   Leukopenia
   
6. 
   Giperproteinemiya
   

2834.List 3 forms of cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   dilated*
   
2. 
   cardiogenic
   
3. 
   restrictive*
   
4. 
   eosinophilic
   
5. 
   obstructive
   
6. 
   hypertrophic*
   

2835.3 Names of the forms of flow dilatation cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   Progressive*
   
2. 
   Lightning
   
3. 
   Relapsing*
   
4. 
   Stable*
   
5. 
   non Stable
   
6. 
   Episodic
   

2836.List 3 morphological features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   hardening of the mitral valve
   
2. 
   of vegetation on the valves of the heart
   
3. 
   ventricular septal hypertrophy*
   
4. 
   hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall*
   
5. 
   decreasing the left ventricular cavity*
   
6. 
   dilation of the left ventricular cavity
   

2837.What are 3 main symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   expansion of the apical impulse*
   
2. 
   expansion of the boundaries of the heart to the left*
   
3. 
   pulse deficit
   
4. 
   systolic murmur at the apex*
   
5. 
   the weakening of the apical impulse
   
6. 
   expanding the boundaries of the right heart
   

2838.Name 3 most commonly used drug in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   Verapamil*
   
2. 
   Papaverine
   
3. 
   Kordaron*
   
4. 
   Eufillin
   
5. 
   Strophanthin
   
6. 
   Ritmodan*
   

2839.List three diseases combined concept restrictive cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   fibrosclerosis
   
2. 
   endomyocardial fibrosis*
   
3. 
   restrictive pericarditis
   
4. 
   eosinophilic myocarditis fibroplastic Leffler*
   
5. 
   fibroelastosis*
   
6. 
   idiopathic myocarditis Fiedler
   

2840.For dilatation cardiomyopathy characterized by 3:

1. 
   Shortness of breath*
   
2. 
   Swelling*
   
3. 
   Pain in the Heart
   
4. 
   Arrhythmias*
   
5. 
   Hypotension
   
6. 
   Fainting
   

2841. The main 3 causes of death in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is:

1. 
   Sudden death from ventricular fibrillation*
   
2. 
   Congestive circulatory failure*
   
3. 
   pulmonary Embolism*
   
4. 
   Rupture of the interventricular septum
   
5. 
   Separation of the papillary muscles
   
6. 
   Acute levomitsetina failure
   

2842. 3 Specific risk factors for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are

1. 
   cardiac history*
   
2. 
   right ventricular hypertrophy
   
3. 
   stable ventricular tachycardia*
   
4. 
   dyspnea
   
5. 
   pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy*
   
6. 
   ventricular bradicardia
   

2843.Give 3 reasons of restrictive cardiomyopathy

1. 
   Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease*
   
2. 
   Sarcoidosis*
   
3. 
   Idiopathic myocarditis Fiedler
   
4. 
   Scleroderma*
   
5. 
   Restrictive pericarditis
   
6. 
   Fibrosclerosis
   

2844. What are the main symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   expansion of the apical impulse*
   
2. 
   expanding the boundaries of the right heart
   
3. 
   pulse deficit
   
4. 
   expansion of the boundaries of the heart to the left*
   
5. 
   systolic murmur at the apex*
   
6. 
   the weakening of the apical impulse
   

2845.List the four main groups of drugs used in the treatment of dilatation cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   B vitamins
   
2. 
   anabolic steroids
   
3. 
   cardiac glycosides*
   
4. 
   potassiumsparing diuretics*
   
5. 
   peripheral vasodilators*
   
6. 
   calcium antagonists of verapamil series
   

2846.List 3 major complaints of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   epigastric pain
   
2. 
   hemoptysis
   
3. 
   shortness of breath*
   
4. 
   precordialgia*
   
5. 
   palpitations*
   
6. 
   cough
   

2847.List the 3 pathological criterias for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

1. 
   asymmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum*
   
2. 
   increasing the thickness of the top of the left (right) ventricle*
   
3. 
   unchanged or reduce the size of the cavity of the left (right) ventricle*
   
4. 
   absence of specific macroscopic signs of other diseases,
   
5. 
   always symmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum
   
6. 
   increased thickness apex of the left (right) atrial
   

2848.The most characteristic 3 histologic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include:

1. 
   chaotic arrangement of cardiomyocytes*
   
2. 
   cardiomyocyte hypertrophy*
   
3. 
   myocardial fibrosis*
   
4. 
   ordinal location of cardiomyocytes
   
5. 
   thinning cardiomyocytes
   
6. 
   calcification infarction
   

2849.The main 3 echocardiographic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include:

1. 
   left ventricular hypertrophy*
   
2. 
   decreasing the left ventricular cavity*
   
3. 
   outflow tract obstruction of the left ventricle*
   
4. 
   dilatation of the left ventricle
   
5. 
   aortic regurgitation
   
6. 
   reduced ejection fraction
   

2850. 3 Drugs used in the treatment of heart failure in patients dilatation cardiomyopathy

1. 
   Dopamine*
   
2. 
   Captopril*
   
3. 
   Enalapril*
   
4. 
   allapinin
   
5. 
   kordaron
   
6. 
   validol
   

2851. The use of calcium antagonists in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy contribute to (3):

1. 
   the improvement of diastolic compliance of the myocardium*
   
2. 
   have an antiplatelet effect
   
3. 
   decrease the systolic pressure gradient
   
4. 
   improve perfusion of the coronary arteries*
   
5. 
   decrease the end diastolic pressure and increase diastolic volume of the left atrium
   
6. 
   exert anti-arrhythmic effect*
   

2852.Diagnostics of chronic heart failure (3)

1. 
   ECG*
   
2. 
   Ultrasound of the kidneys
   
3. 
   Holter monitoring*
   
4. 
   Spirography
   
5. 
   Echocardiography*
   
6. 
   angiography
   

2853. For the development of heart failure due to overloading of the heart disease leads 3

1. 
   Myocarditis
   
2. 
   Myocardiodystrophy
   
3. 
   Heart defects*
   
4. 
   Hypertension*
   
5. 
   Symptomatic hypertension*
   
6. 
   Hepatitis
   

2854.I step on the stage of circulatory failure Strazhesko - Vasilenko is characterized by 3 symptoms

1. 
   Appearance of shortness of breath, fatigue only under load*
   
2. 
   Heart only when the load*
   
3. 
   Exists myocardial hypertrophy*
   
4. 
   Stagnation in the pulmonary circulation
   
5. 
   Zastoynye phenomenon in the systemic circulation
   
6. 
   Increase (congestive) liver
   

2855.Stage IIB stage for circulatory failure Strazhesko - Vasilenko is characterized by 3 symptoms

1. 
   Congestion in small and large circulation*
   
2. 
   Increase (congestive) the liver and peripheral edema*
   
3. 
   Signs of circulatory failure are reduced in the treatment of*
   
4. 
   The appearance of shortness of breath, fatigue only under load
   
5. 
   serdtsebieniya only with exertion
   
6. 
   There is myocardial hypertrophy
   

2856. III stage by stage circulatory failure Strazhesko - Vasilenko is characterized by 3 symptoms

1. 
   Are determined by liver cirrhosis*
   
2. 
   Denominated peripheral edema, ascites, hydrothorax, cachexia*
   
3. 
   Symptoms are persistent in nature and difficult to treat*
   
4. 
   The appearance of shortness of breath, fatigue only under load
   
5. 
   Heart only when the load
   
6. 
   There is myocardial hypertrophy
   

2857. 3 contraindications to quinidine

1. 
   Atrioventricular block*
   
2. 
   High blood pressure
   
3. 
   Sinus tachycardia
   
4. 
   Severe circulatory failure*
   
5. 
   Liver disease*
   
6. 
   Anemia
   

2858.3 diseases leading to diastolic heart failure

1. 
   IHD*
   
2. 
   Alcoholism
   
3. 
   Hypotension
   
4. 
   Gipertrofik kardiomiopati*
   
5. 
   Hypertensive heart disease*
   
6. 
   Gastritis
   

2859.3 basic drug treatment of chronic heart Failures

1. 
   ACEinhibitors*
   
2. 
   Diuretics*
   
3. 
   Cardiac glycosides*
   
4. 
   Nedigidropiridinovye Channel blockers slow canals
   
5. 
   Nitrates
   
6. 
   Sympathomimetic
   

2860.In the treatment of chronic heart failure should avoid the drug 3

1. 
   NSAIDs*
   
2. 
   Class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs*
   
3. 
   ACE inhibitors
   
4. 
   Tricyclic antidepressants*
   
5. 
   Diuretics
   
6. 
   Serdechnye Glycosides
   

2861.What are the causes of cardiac heart failure progression

1. 
   Atrial Fibrillation*
   
2. 
   The progression of mitral insufficiency*
   
3. 
   Myocardial infarction*
   
4. 
   Acceptance of cardiac glycosides
   
5. 
   Diuretics
   
6. 
   Smoking
   

2862.3 glycoside intoxication symptoms

1. 
   Heart rhythm disorders*
   
2. 
   Conduction disorders*
   
3. 
   Visually impaired*
   
4. 
   Oliguria
   
5. 
   Hearing loss
   
6. 
   Violation of speech
   

2863.For the development of heart failure due to overloading of the heart diseases cause 3

1. 
   Myocarditis
   
2. 
   Myocardiodystrophy
   
3. 
   Heart defects*
   
4. 
   Hypertension*
   
5. 
   Symptomatic hypertension*
   
6. 
   Alcoholism
   

2864. 3 basic drug treatment of chronic heart Failures

1. 
   ACEinhibitors*
   
2. 
   Diuretics*
   
3. 
   Cardiac glycosides*
   
4. 
   Nedigidropiridinovye Channel blockers slow kanaltseevyh
   
5. 
   Nitrates
   
6. 
   Sympathomimetics
   

2865.Stage IIB circulatory failure of Strazhesko Vasilenko is characterized by 3 symptoms

1. 
   Congestion in small and large circulation*
   
2. 
   Increase (congestive) the liver and peripheral edema*
   
3. 
   Signs of circulatory failure are reduced in the treatment of*
   
4. 
   The appearance of shortness of breath, fatigue only under load
   
5. 
   Heart only when the load
   
6. 
   There myocardial hypertrophy
   

2866. What are the drugs for the treatment of diastolic heart failure

1. 
   Diuretics*
   
2. 
   Blockers*
   
3. 
   Nitrates
   
4. 
   Sympathomimetics
   
5. 
   Calcium antagonists*
   
6. 
   Antianaemia drugs
   

2867. By late clinical signs of circulatory failure are

1. 
   Fixed crackles in the low back of the lungs
   
2. 
   Appearance of peripheral edema, ascites, anasarca
   
3. 
   Increase the liver
   
4. 
   Dry rales in the lower lung
   
5. 
   Headache
   
6. 
   Dizziness
   

2868. 3 drugs used for relief of pulmonary edema

1. 
   Nitroglycerin*
   
2. 
   Obzidan
   
3. 
   Furosemide*
   
4. 
   Eufillin
   
5. 
   Morphine*
   
6. 
   Omeprazole
   

2869.Treatment of chronic heart failure (level of evidence A)

1. 
     Peripheral vasodilators
   
2. 
   ACEinhibitors*
   
3. 
   Antagonists angiotensin II receptor
   
4. 
   Diuretics*
   
5. 
   Cardioselective betablockers*
   
6. 
   Calcium channel blockers slow
   

2870. 3 causes the progression of chronic heart failure

1. 
   Alcohol*
   
2. 
   Infection*
   
3. 
   No treatment*
   
4. 
   Compliance table diet №10
   
5. 
   The use of vegetarian food
   
6. 
   Smoking cessation
   

2871."Triple therapy" severe heart failure

1. 
   Diuretics*
   
2. 
   Betablockers
   
3. 
   Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors*
   
4. 
   Xanthines
   
5. 
   Cardiac glycosides*
   
6. 
   Holinomimetiki
   

2872.Describe the 3 signs of chronic gout:

1. 
   Presence of tophi*
   
2. 
   Hypertension*
   
3. 
   Urolithiasis /ICD/*
   
4. 
   Absence of tophi
   
5. 
   Chronic pyelonephritis
   
6. 
   Hypotension
   

2873.Describe 3symptoms of intermittent gout:

1. 
   Bouts of arthritis by 1 to 3 times year, for up to 6 to 10 days; in remission periods the health state of the patient is satisfactory*
   
2. 
   Intermittent hyperuricemia*
   
3. 
   low rate of internal organs lesions*
   
4. 
   Bouts of arthritis 1 to 2 times per year for up to 6 months
   
5. 
   Constant hyperuricemia
   
6. 
   Obligatory visceral lesions
   

2874.Name 3 causes of the joints deformation in gout:

1. 
   Destruction of cartilage*
   
2. 
   Destruction of the articular surfaces*
   
3. 
   periarticular infiltration of urates intissue with the tophiformation*
   
4. 
   Subluxations
   
5. 
   Proliferative changes in periarticular tissues
   
6. 
   Swelling of the ankle
   

2875.Most common complication of gout is nephropathy. It may course into the following three conditions:

1. 
   Urolithiasis*
   
2. 
   Interstitial nephritis*
   
3. 
   Nephrosclerosis*
   
4. 
   Acute glomerulonephritis
   
5. 
   Chronic glomerulonephritis
   
6. 
   Acute pyelonephritis
   

2876.Specify the 3 basic radiographic changes typical for the gout:

1. 
   Joint space narrowing*
   
2. 
   "Punch" sign*
   
3. 
   Erosingarticular surfaces*
   
4. 
   Expansion of joint space
   
5. 
   "Niche"symptom
   
6. 
   Syndesmophytes
   

2877.Describe the 3 radiographic stages of gouty arthritis:

1. 
   I large cysts (tophi) in the subchondral bone, sometimes sealing of soft tissue*
   
2. 
   II large cysts, small erosion, compaction ofperiarticular soft tissues, sometimes calcifications occur*
   
3. 
   III large erosion, osteolysis of the pineal gland, seal with lime deposits*
   
4. 
   III large cysts (tophi) in the subchondral bone, sometimes sealing of soft tissue
   
5. 
   I large cysts, small erosion, compaction of periarticular soft tissues, sometimes calcifications occur
   
6. 
   II large erosion, osteolysis of the pineal gland, seal with lime deposits
   

2878.What are the three basic diagnostic criteria for gout:

1. 
   Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood*
   
2. 
   Tophi*
   
3. 
   Acute attacks of arthritis, occurs suddenly, with complete clinical remission within 1 to 2 weeks*
   
4. 
   Morning stiffness for more than 30 minutes
   
5. 
   Heberdene’snodules
   
6. 
   Start nature of pain
   

2879.What are the three changes, characteristic for the analysis of synovial fluid in acute gouty arthritis:

1. 
   Low viscosity*
   
2. 
   High cytosis*
   
3. 
   The presence of crystals of sodium urate*
   
4. 
   High viscosity
   
5. 
   Low cytosis
   
6. 
   The presence of oxalates
   

2880.List 3 signs of the mild gout:

1. 
   Frequency of attacks of 1 to 2 times a year*
   
2. 
   No signs of destruction on chest radiography*
   
3. 
   No kidney damage*
   
4. 
   Frequency of attacks 3 to 4 times a year
   
5. 
   The presence of destructive changes on the radiography
   
6. 
   The presence of pyelonephritis
   

2881.List 3 character of the average severity of gout:

1. 
   Frequency of attacks 3 to 5 times a year*
   
2. 
   Moderate articular destruction on chest radiography*
   
3. 
   The presence of nephropathy*
   
4. 
   Frequency of attacks 3 to 4 times a year
   
5. 
   Involvement of not more than one joint
   
6. 
   Pyelonephritis
   

2882.List 3 characteristic signs of severe gout:

1. 
   Frequency of attacks of 5 or more per year*
   
2. 
   Severe bone destruction on chest radiograph*
   
3. 
   Severe nephropathy*
   
4. 
   Frequency of attacks up to 4times a year
   
5. 
   The absence of signs of destruction on chest radiograph
   
6. 
   Glomerulonephritis
   

2883.What are the 3 changes in laboratory parameters characteristic of an acute attack of the gout:

1. 
   Leukocytosis*
   
2. 
   Increase in Creactive protein*
   
3. 
   Increased ESR*
   
4. 
   Leukopenia
   
5. 
   Anemia
   
6. 
   Thrombocytopenia
   

2884.What 3 factors are important in the development of gout?

1. 
   Heredity*
   
2. 
   Diet*
   
3. 
   Smoking
   
4. 
   Age*
   
5. 
   None of the above
   
6. 
   Mind
   

2885.What 3 factors are important pathogenesis of gout?

1. 
   Violation of purine metabolism*
   
2. 
   Anemiya
   
3. 
   The excess uric acid synthesis*
   
4. 
   Lack of urates excretion by the kidneys*
   
5. 
   Liver damage
   
6. 
   None of the above
   

2886.Mark the foods containing the highest amounts of uric acid and purine

1. 
   bean*
   
2. 
   potatoes
   
3. 
   sprats*
   
4. 
   sardines*
   
5. 
   milk and milk products
   
6. 
   carrot
   
7. 
   pumpkin
   

2887.Gout is a disease associated with metabolic disorders of purine and is characterized by the following 3features:

1. 
   The increase of serum uric acid*
   
2. 
   Uratedeposits in the joints, kidneys, and blood vesselstissues*
   
3. 
   Acute arthritis*
   
4. 
   Increase in the content of uric acid in urine
   
5. 
   Increase of serum urea
   
6. 
   Redness of the skin
   

2889.What are the three primary pathogenic forms of gout:

1. 
   Metabolic (increase of uric acid synthesis in the body)*
   
2. 
   Kidney (impaired excretion of uric acid in the body)*
   
3. 
   Mixed*
   
4. 
   Metabolic (increased excretion of uric acid in the kidneys)
   
5. 
   Kidney (increase urate deposition in the parenchyma)
   
6. 
   Hepatic (liver delayed release of urate)
   

2890.Mark 3 diseases, which must be differentiated with gout:

1. 
   Reactive arthritis*
   
2. 
   Rheumatoid arthritis*
   
3. 
   Osteoarthritis with synovitis*
   
4. 
   Rheumatic fever
   
5. 
   Systemic lupus erythematosus
   
6. 
   Systemic scleroderma
   

2891.Name 3 "malicious sisters", i.e. the metabolic blood disorders, which are most often associated with gout:

1. 
   Hyperuricemia*
   
2. 
   Hypercholesterolemia*
   
3. 
   Hyperglycemia*
   
4. 
   Uremia
   
5. 
   Hyperenzymemia
   
6. 
   Proteinuria
   

2892.What are the three reasons that can provoke gouty arthritis:

1. 
   Consumption of foods rich in purines (meat, beans)*
   
2. 
   Alcohol*
   
3. 
   Nervous and physical stress*
   
4. 
   Use of cultured milk foods
   
5. 
   Consumption of food rich in purines (rice, cheese, onions)
   
6. 
   Intake of allopurinol
   

2893.Describe the 3 signs of articular syndrome in gout:

1. 
   Acute onset, the duration of an attack from few hours to 10 days or more*
   
2. 
   Acute pain, rapid development of crimson, then cyanotic soft tissue tumors, often in the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot*
   
3. 
   Increase in body temperature up to 38-40C*
   
4. 
   Gradual onset, lasting from few weeks to few months
   
5. 
   Increased pain in the daytime
   
6. 
   Acute pain with bleeding sores on his feet
   

2894.What are the three diseases that most often cause secondary gout:

1. 
   "Blue" congenital heart disease*
   
2. 
   Obese*
   
3. 
   Diabetes*
   
4. 
   Chronic hepatic insufficiency
   
5. 
   Chronic hepatitis
   
6. 
   Diabetes insipidus
   

2895.Specify the most frequent localization of tophi:

1. 
   Ears*
   
2. 
   Elbow*
   
3. 
   Fingers (around joints)*
   
4. 
   Palpebra
   
5. 
   Achilles tendon
   
6. 
   Spine
   

2896.What diseases are often associated with gout:

1. 
   CHD*
   
2. 
   Obesity*
   
3. 
   Hypertension*
   
4. 
   Peptic ulcer
   
5. 
   Chronic hepatitis
   
6. 
   Chronic pancreatitis
   

2897.Uricosuricremedies include:

1. 
   Anturane*
   
2. 
   Benzbromarone (dezurik)*
   
3. 
   Sulfinpirasone*
   
4. 
   Milurite
   
5. 
   Allopurinol
   
6. 
   Furosemide
   

2898.What foods contain the greatest amount of uric acid and purines:

1. 
   Legumes*
   
2. 
   Beef, pork, veal*
   
3. 
   Sprats, sardines*
   
4. 
   Chicken eggs
   
5. 
   Potatoes
   
6. 
   Milk and milk products
   

2899.What are 3 symptoms characteristic of acute gouty arthritis?

1. 
   Affects single joint*
   
2. 
   Inflammation of the joints begins suddenly*
   
3. 
   Body temperature rises to 39-40°C*
   
4. 
   Increased pain in the daytime
   
5. 
   Acute pain with bleeding sores on his feet
   
6. 
   All of the above is untrue
   

2900.Tophi are the deposition of urates under the skin to form dense, quite clearly demarcated and rising arthritic knots above the surface of the skin. What is the most characteristic3 features of the tophi:

1. 
   Developsin 6 years (rarely over 2 to 3 years) after the first attack*
   
2. 
   Localized in the ears, elbow, knee, feet and hands*
   
3. 
   Content of tophi white curdled mass (urate crystals)*
   
4. 
   Develop in the first few months of illness
   
5. 
   Painful to the touch
   
6. 
   Frequently infected
   

2901.What are the 3 reasons that can provoke gouty arthritis:

1. 
   Nervous and physical stress*
   
2. 
   Cold, hypothermia*
   
3. 
   Exacerbation of underlying chronic diseases*
   
4. 
   Use of cultured milk foods
   
5. 
   Consumption of food rich in purines (rice, cheese, onions)
   
6. 
   Administration of allopurinol
   

2902. Group of seronegative spondiloarthrites includes

1. 
   ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease)*
   
2. 
   Psoriatic arthritis*
   
3. 
   pyrophosphate arthropathia
   
4. 
   reactive arthritis*
   
5. 
   rheumatoid arthritis
   
6. 
   osteoarthritis
   

2903.Ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease) is characterized by

1. 
   night pain in the lumbar region*
   
2. 
   double sided sacroileitis*
   
3. 
   antigen HLA B27*
   
4. 
   nodules of Heberden
   
5. 
   nodules of Bouchard
   
6. 
   chorea
   

2904.Characteristic radiographic signs of psoriatic arthritis

1. 
   narrowing of joint spaces*
   
2. 
   regional erosion of the articular surfaces*
   
3. 
   osteolysis*
   
4. 
   osteophytes
   
5. 
   symptom of "punch"
   
6. 
   usuras
   

2905.Clinical signs of reactive arthritis

1. 
   asymmetric arthritis of the lower limbs*
   
2. 
   eye involvement*
   
3. 
   urethritis or diarrhea*
   
4. 
   symmetric arthritis of hands
   
5. 
   rheumatoid nodules
   
6. 
   heart lesion
   

2906.Select the 3 directions of cure for first degree the activity of ankylosing spondylitis

1. 
   antibiotics
   
2. 
   prednisolone
   
3. 
   plasmapheresis
   
4. 
   nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs*
   
5. 
   exercise therapy*
   
6. 
   massage*
   

2907.List the 3 diseases that cause arrhythmias

1. 
   ischemic heart disease*
   
2. 
   myocarditis*
   
3. 
   myocardiodystrophy*
   
4. 
   chronic gastritis
   
5. 
   chronic bronchitis
   
6. 
   arterial hypotension
   

2908.List 3 signs of sinus tachycardia

1. 
   the increase in heart rate over 90 per minute*
   
2. 
   increased I tone at the apex*
   
3. 
   RR interval shortening of on the ECG*
   
4. 
   increased heart rate over 80 per minute
   
5. 
   weakening of the I tone at the apex
   
6. 
   shortening of PQ interval
   

2909.List 3 ECG signs of sinus bradycardia

1. 
   extension of PQ interval*
   
2. 
   decrease heart rate up to 4050 per minute*
   
3. 
   increase in the RR interval*
   
4. 
   shortening of PQ interval
   
5. 
   decrease heart rate to 60 per minute
   
6. 
   shortening of RR interval
   

2910.Define 3 ECG signs of ventricular extrasystole

1. 
   the emergence of extraordinary QRS complex*
   
2. 
   absence of Pwave on the ECG before the ventricular extrasystole*
   
3. 
   deformed and belled QRS complex*
   
4. 
   ST segment and T discordant to the main wave of QRS complex
   
5. 
   emergence of extraordinary PQRST complex
   
6. 
   presence of rwave on the ECG before the ventricular extrasystole
   

2911.Name the 3 types of extrasystoles, lifethreatening

1. 
   Early*
   
2. 
   Paired*
   
3. 
   Polytopic*
   
4. 
   not frequent
   
5. 
   not complete
   
6. 
   cardiac
   

2912. List 3 types of extrasystoles (localization)

1. 
   Atrial*
   
2. 
   Atrioventricular*
   
3. 
   Ventricular*
   
4. 
   liver function
   
5. 
   intestinal
   
6. 
   cardiac
   

2913.Name 3 diseases, most often causing paroxysmal tachycardia

1. 
   myocardial infarction*
   
2. 
   myocarditis*
   
3. 
   thyrotoxicosis*
   
4. 
   chronic gastritis
   
5. 
   chronic colitis
   
6. 
   acute bronchitis
   

2914.List 3 main forms of atrial fibrillation

1. 
   tachysystolic (90 in 1 minute)*
   
2. 
   normosystolic (HR = 6080 in 1 minute)*
   
3. 
   bradysystolic (heart rate less than 60 in 1 minute)*
   
4. 
   supraventricular
   
5. 
   sinoauricular
   
6. 
   ventricular
   

2915. What are 3 signs of atrial fibrillation

1. 
   the absence of P wave*
   
2. 
   the existence of chaotic f waves (often in leads V1V2)*
   
3. 
   irregular ventricular complexes – varied RR intervals*
   
4. 
   negative P wave
   
5. 
   presence of P wave after ventricular complex
   
6. 
   regularity of ventricular complexes – RR intervals are equal
   

2916.List 3 ECG characteristic AV blockade of II degree (Mobitz I)

1. 
   gradual extension of PQ interval*
   
2. 
   periodic shedding of QRS*
   
3. 
   HR less than 60 in 1 minute*
   
4. 
   equally elongated PQ interval
   
5. 
   drop of two consecutive QRST complexes
   
6. 
   increased heart rate
   

2917.Name 3 ECG signs of AV blockade of II degree (Mobitz II)

1. 
   interval PQ stable, normal or extended*
   
2. 
   periodic shedding of QRS*
   
3. 
   expansion and deformation of QRS*
   
4. 
   gradual extension of PQ interval
   
5. 
   drop of 2 QRS complexes in a row
   
6. 
   rapid heart rate
   

2918.List 3 ECG signs of AV blockade of II degree (Mobitz III)

1. 
   expressed bradycardia*
   
2. 
   drop every second of the QRS complex or more than two in a row*
   
3. 
   QRS complexes when distal blockade can be expanded and twisted, tachycardia*
   
4. 
   intermittent loss of QRST complex
   
5. 
   negative P wave
   
6. 
   QRS complex is unchanged
   

2919.List 3 diseases that cause arrhythmias

1. 
   Ischemic Heart Disease*
   
2. 
   Cardiomyopathy*
   
3. 
   neurocirculatory dystonia*
   
4. 
   chronic gastritis
   
5. 
   chronic bronchitis
   
6. 
   arterial hypotension
   

2920.Define 3 ECG signs of supraventricular extrasystole

1. 
   the emergence of extraordinary P wave and QRS complex*
   
2. 
   P wave on ECG changed in form, can be negative, twohumped, twophase, merge with T wave of previous contraction*
   
3. 
   QRS complex is not changed*
   
4. 
   full compensatory pause (that is equal to the sum of two normal RR intervals)
   
5. 
   absence of P wave
   
6. 
   deformation of the QRS complex
   

2921.List the 3 diseases that cause arrhythmias

1. 
   heart disease*
   
2. 
   myocarditis*
   
3. 
   myocardiodystrophy*
   
4. 
   chronic colitis
   
5. 
   bronchial asthma
   
6. 
   arterial hypotension
   

2922.What are the 3 main signs of paroxysmal tachycardia

1. 
   Dizziness*
   
2. 
   sudden onset of attack*
   
3. 
   flapping I tone*
   
4. 
   gradual commencement
   
5. 
   weakening of I tone
   
6. 
   diastolic murmur
   

2923.Name the 3 types of lifethreatening extrasystoles

1. 
   Frequent*
   
2. 
   Group*
   
3. 
   Paired*
   
4. 
   rare
   
5. 
   not complete
   
6. 
   central
   

2924.Name 3 ECG signs of AV blockade of I degree

1. 
   extension of PQ interval more than 020 sec*
   
2. 
   expansion of wave Р*
   
3. 
   deformed wave Р*
   
4. 
   extension of PQ interval more than 040 sec
   
5. 
   negative P wave
   
6. 
   loss of ventricular complex
   

2925. Name 3 diseases most often causing paroxysmal tachycardia*

1. 
   Hypertension*
   
2. 
   Thyrotoxicosis*
   
3. 
   Neurasthenia*
   
4. 
   chronic gastritis
   
5. 
   chronic colitis
   
6. 
   acute bronchitis
   

2926.List 3 ECG signs characteristic of WPW syndrome

1. 
   shortening of the PQ interval*
   
2. 
   Delta wave in the QRS complex*
   
3. 
   extension and deformation of QRS*
   
4. 
   irregularity of QRS complexes
   
5. 
   incomplete compensatory pause
   
6. 
   usually not belled QRS complex
   

2927.What refers to the ECGfeatured hypokalemia

1. 
   merged T and U waves*
   
2. 
   violation of repolarization*
   
3. 
   offset of the ST segment lower than baseline*
   
4. 
   usually not extended QRS complex
   
5. 
   violation of depolarization processes
   
6. 
   negative P wave
   

2928.List 3 ECG signs characteristic of the paroxysmal forms of supraventricular tachycardia

1. 
   positive reflex tests*
   
2. 
   ventricular ECG complexes are not changed*
   
3. 
   use of finoptin is indicated*
   
4. 
   use of lidocaine is indicated
   
5. 
   emergence of extraordinary P wave and QRS complex
   
6. 
   intermittent loss of QRST complex
   

2929."Quail" rhythm in mitral stenosis is

1. 
   reinforced I tone*
   
2. 
   reinforced II tone *
   
3. 
   tone of opening of the mitral valve*
   
4. 
   I tone depressed
   
5. 
   II tone unchanged
   
6. 
   pathologic III tone in diastole
   

2930. Complaints of patients with severe mitral regurgitation

1. 
   shortness of breath with slight physical exertion*
   
2. 
   attacks of night paroxysmal dyspnea*
   
3. 
   hemoptysis*
   
4. 
   pain in the liver
   
5. 
   swelling of the feet
   
6. 
   joint pain
   

2931. Complaints of the patients with aortic stenosis

1. 
   chest pain*
   
2. 
   loss of consciousness (syncope)*
   
3. 
   shortness of breath*
   
4. 
   enlargement of the liver
   
5. 
   ascites
   
6. 
   swelling of the feet
   

2932. Etiology of the acute aortic valve regurgitation

1. 
   infective endocarditis*
   
2. 
   dissecting aortic aneurysm*
   
3. 
   injury of the heart*
   
4. 
   atherosclerosis
   
5. 
   NCD
   
6. 
   liver cirrhosis
   

2933. Etiology of the aortic valve regurgitation

1. 
   aortic aneurysm*
   
2. 
   injury*
   
3. 
   syphilis*
   
4. 
   jaundice
   
5. 
   anemia
   
6. 
   encephalopathy
   

2934. Name the anatomical types of acquired heart disease

1. 
   valves insufficiency*
   
2. 
   stenosis of the atrioventricular openings or mouths of the great vessels*
   
3. 
   сombined defect*
   
4. 
   IVS window
   
5. 
   ventricular septal defect
   
6. 
   patent foramen ovale
   

2935.What are the causes of death in heart diseases

1. 
   chronic heart failure decompensation8
   
2. 
   thromboembolism*
   
3. 
   paralysis of the hypertrophied heart*
   
4. 
   encephalopathy
   
5. 
   anemia
   
6. 
   hypothyroidism
   

2936.Weakening of the 1st tone can be observed in the following heart diseases

1. 
   mitral regurgitation*
   
2. 
   tricuspid valve*
   
3. 
   aortic stenosis*
   
4. 
   stenosis of the atrioventricular openings
   
5. 
   stenosis of the arteries
   
6. 
   aortic aneurysm
   

2937.What sign is typical for aortic regurgitation

1. 
   pulsation of the pupils*
   
2. 
   pulsus celer et altus*
   
3. 
   high systolic blood pressure*
   
4. 
   decrease in pulse pressure
   
5. 
   anemia
   
6. 
   nausea
   

2938. List the main microscopic changes in the valve for acquired heart defects

 valve sclerosis with its deformation

1. 
   Hyalinosis*
   
2. 
   Petrification*
   
3. 
   vascularization valve*
   
4. 
   trauma
   
5. 
   rash
   
6. 
   tumor
   

2939.List diseases, leading to the development of acquired heart disease

1. 
   Rheumatism*
   
2. 
   Atherosclerosis* 
   
3. 
   bacterial endocarditis*
   
4. 
   stomach ulcer
   
5. 
   colitis
   
6. 
   hepatitis
   

2940.3 forms of stenosis of the ostium of aorta

1. 
   Valvular*
   
2. 
   Supravalvular*
   
3. 
   Subvalvular*
   
4. 
   membranous
   
5. 
   pseudomembranous
   
6. 
   aortic arch’s
   

2941.What are the 3 main reasons for occurrence of stenosis of the ostium of aorta

1. 
   Rheumatism*
   
2. 
   congenital malformations hearts*
   
3. 
   atherosclerosis*
   
4. 
   infective endocarditis
   
5. 
   syphilis
   
6. 
   arterial hypertension
   

2942.List 3 "vascular" features, characteristic for stenosis of the ostium of the aorta

1. 
   pallor of skin covers*
   
2. 
   reduced systolic AP*
   
3. 
   small and slow pulse*
   
4. 
   facial hyperemia
   
5. 
   increase in pulse pressure
   
6. 
   fast and celer heartbeat
   

2943.List the basic 3 methods of examination needed for establishing the diagnosis of stenosis of the ostium of the aorta

1. 
   ECG*
   
2. 
   EchoCS*
   
3. 
   XRay examination*
   
4. 
   scintigraphy of the heart
   
5. 
   pneumotachometry
   
6. 
   XRay kymography of the heart
   

2944.List three specific signs of AP change in aortic insufficiency

1. 
   high systolic pressure*
   
2. 
   low diastolic blood pressure*
   
3. 
   high pulse pressure*
   
4. 
   low systolic blood pressure
   
5. 
   low pulse pressure
   
6. 
   different pressure on both upper limbs
   

2945.Moderate hyperkaliemia in chronic renal failure can be moderated by introducing:

1. 
   calcium salts*
   
2. 
   sodium hydrogencarbonate solution*
   
3. 
   concentrated solution of glucose with insulin*
   
4. 
   isotonic solution
   
5. 
   hypertonic solution
   
6. 
   vitamins
   

2946.In a healthy person

1. 
   Albumin does not penetrate into the primary urine
   
2. 
   Primary urine contains about 0.1% from the amount of albumin in serum*
   
3. 
   Approx. 84%-97% of protein is being reabsorbed from primary urine*
   
4. 
   Daily proteinuria is 30-150 mg*
   
5. 
   Daily proteinuria is 1.0-2.0 g
   
6. 
   Daily proteinuria is 2.0-3.0 g
   

2947.Clinical manifestations of facies nefritica are:

1. 
   Facial swelling*
   
2. 
   Acrocyanosis*
   
3. 
   Haemorrhagic rash on face
   
4. 
   Pallor of the skin*
   
5. 
   Swelling of the jugular veins
   
6. 
   Mitral butterfly rash
   

2948.Diagnostic criteria of nephrotic syndrome are:

1. 
   proteinuria more than 3.5 g/day*
   
2. 
   hypoalbuminemia*
   
3. 
   hypergammaglobulinemia
   
4. 
   hypercholesterolemia*
   
5. 
   Hyper α2-globulinemia
   
6. 
   hypolipidemia
   

2949.Nephrotic syndrome is a result of

1. 
   chronic glomerulonephritis*
   
2. 
   amyloidosis*
   
3. 
   pulmonary tuberculosis
   
4. 
   thrombosis of the renal veins*
   
5. 
   gastritis
   
6. 
   hepatitis
   

2950.What systemic diseases are complicated by nephrotic syndrome:

1. 
   systemic lupus erythematosus*
   
2. 
   rheumatoid arthritis*
   
3. 
   dermatomyositis
   
4. 
   periarteritis nodosa*
   
5. 
   scleroderma
   
6. 
   acute rheumatic fever
   

2951.What is the cause of hypoproteinemia in nephrotic syndrome:

1. 
   protein loss in the urine*
   
2. 
   enhanced synthesis of βglobulin
   
3. 
   moving proteins from plasma to the extracellular fluid*
   
4. 
   protein loss through the oedematous intestinal mucosa*
   
5. 
   intensified catabolised globulins.
   
6. 
   decay of bilirubin
   

2952.Pathogenetic treatments of nephrotic syndrome include:

1. 
   diuretics
   
2. 
   glucocorticoids*
   
3. 
   protein preparations
   
4. 
   cytostatics*
   
5. 
   anticoagulants*
   
6. 
   betablockers
   

2953.Cytostatics for treatment of nephrotic syndrome when you select the correct answers:

1. 
   membranous nephritis*
   
2. 
   nodular periarteriitis*
   
3. 
   purulent diseases
   
4. 
   nephritis in systemic diseases*
   
5. 
   worsening latent infection
   
6. 
   medicinal poisoning
   

2954.What complications typical for nephrotic forms of chronic glomerulonephritis? Select the correct answers:

1. 
   pyonephrosis
   
2. 
   necrosis of the renal papillae
   
3. 
   hypovolemic shock*
   
4. 
   acute thrombosis of the renal veins*
   
5. 
   acute heart failure*
   
6. 
   hepatitis
   

2955.What are the signs of information about the functional abilities of the kidneys? Select the correct answers:

1. 
   content of glucose in the urine
   
2. 
   isostenuria*
   
3. 
   reducing glomerular filtering*
   
4. 
   increase in urea*
   
5. 
   increased plasma creatinine
   
6. 
   increase plasma enzymes
   

2956.Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following clinical symptoms

1. 
   edema*
   
2. 
   oliguria*
   
3. 
   bacteriuria
   
4. 
   pyuria
   
5. 
   hematuria*
   
6. 
   glucosuria
   

2957.Urinary sediment in acute nephrotic syndrome:

1. 
   hematuria*
   
2. 
   cylindruria*
   
3. 
   proteinuria*
   
4. 
   leukocyturia
   
5. 
   increasing epithelial cells count
   
6. 
   glycosuria
   

2958.What diseases can cause nephrotic syndrome?

1. 
   glomerulonephritis*
   
2. 
   diabetic glomerulosclerosis*
   
3. 
   lupus nephritis*
   
4. 
   acute pyelonephritis
   
5. 
   thrombosis of the renal veins
   
6. 
   chronic pyelonephritis
   

2959.Nephrotic syndrome can occur in:

1. 
   hypotension
   
2. 
   systemic lupus erythematosus*
   
3. 
   diabetic nephropathy*
   
4. 
   hemorrhagic vasculitis by ShonleinHenoh*
   
5. 
   hepatitis
   
6. 
   cholecystitis
   

2960.Prognostically unfavorable clinical manifestations of nephropathy are:

1. 
   frequent relapses of the nephrotic syndrome*
   
2. 
   combination of nephrotic hypertensive syndromes*
   
3. 
   noncompliance of proteinuria with hematuria and swelling
   
4. 
   overlaying tubulointersticial lesions*
   
5. 
   combination with hepatitis
   
6. 
   combination with anemia
   

2961.Moderate hyperkaliemia in chronic renal failure can be moderated by introducing:

1. 
   calcium salts*
   
2. 
   sodium hydrogencarbonate solution*
   
3. 
   concentrated solution of glucose with insulin*
   
4. 
   isotonic solution
   
5. 
   hypertonic solution
   
6. 
   vitamins
   

2962.When composing diet the patient with chronic renal insufficiency one should provide:

1. 
   not to limit proteins
   
2. 
   adequate calorie intake*
   
3. 
   exception potassiumbased products*
   
4. 
   administration of ketosterins
   
5. 
   not to limit salt
   
6. 
   limiting the vitamins
   

2963.Most accurately reflects the degree of chronic renal failure in saving serum levels:

1. 
   urea*
   
2. 
   residual nitrogen*
   
3. 
   creatinine
   
4. 
   uric acid*
   
5. 
   bilirubin
   
6. 
   enzymes
   

2964.Causes of generalized edema are

1. 
   heart failure
   
2. 
   hypoproteinemia*
   
3. 
   hypoalbuminemia*
   
4. 
   decrease in diuresis
   
5. 
   water and Na+ retention*
   
6. 
   increase in enzymes
   

2965.Nephrotic syndrome corresponds to:

1. 
   edema*
   
2. 
   proteinuria 3g/day*
   
3. 
   dysproteinemia*
   
4. 
   hypolipidemia
   
5. 
   hyperbilirubinemia
   
6. 
   elevation of enzymes
   

2966.Nephrotic syndrome corresponds to:

1. 
   hyperbilirubinemia
   
2. 
   edema*
   
3. 
   1 g proteinuria/day
   
4. 
   dysproteinemia*
   
5. 
   hyperlipidemia*
   
6. 
   elevation of enzymes
   

2967.Blood analysis in patients with nephrotic syndrome identifies

1. 
   hypoproteinemia*
   
2. 
   hypoalbuminemia*
   
3. 
   hyperalbuminemia
   
4. 
   hypolipidemia
   
5. 
   hyperlipidemia*
   
6. 
   hypobilirubinemia
   

2968.Signs of nephrotic syndrome include

1. 
   arterial hypertension
   
2. 
   hypobilirubinemia
   
3. 
   massive swelling*
   
4. 
   hypoalbuminemia*
   
5. 
   proteinuria > 3.5 grams per day*
   
6. 
   proteinuria < 5.0 grams per day
   

2969.What kind of pneumonia are there by aetiology

1. 
   Bacterial*
   
2. 
   Viral*
   
3. 
   Fungal*
   
4. 
   Primary
   
5. 
   Secondary
   
6. 
   Lobular
   

2970.What are the pathological conditions precede focal pneumonia

1. 
   Acute respiratory viral infection, influenza*
   
2. 
   Acute or worsening of chronic bronchitis*
   
3. 
   Stagnation of blood in the pulmonary circulation*
   
4. 
   Chronic Gastritis
   
5. 
   Neurologic Disorders
   
6. 
   Thrombosis of Veins of the lower extremities
   

2971.What are the main morphological features of bronchopneumonia

1. 
   Obligatory presence of inflammatory changes in the bronchial tubes (bronchioles)*
   
2. 
   Focal character inflammation of lung tissue*
   
3. 
   Localization Posteroventral departments*
   
4. 
   Required Presence of inflammatory changes in the pleura (pleural effusion)
   
5. 
   Effect Share or the entire lung
   
6. 
   Localisation Upper anterior regions
   

2972.What are the main microscopic features of mycotic bronchopneumonia

1.