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visible, having been etched using tusks. It is not known when, how or by whom
they were made but the elephants presume it was a Lost One long ago. Despite
being fairly rudimentary, these drawings induce visions of that which they
depict.
Gowdy claims that “everything my elephant characters do
lies within the
realm of the possible.
As a novelist I have simply taken observed behaviour and
credited it with a high level of intentionality” (Gowdy/Siciliano, emphasis added).
Whilst
this is largely true, her depictions of the forest elephants evidently steps
beyond the “realm of the possible”. The white bone, the Lost Ones, and the
ma
gic in the novel undoubtedly stray into Oerleman’s category of the
“implausible and fantastical” (190). It is here that I feel his ‘embarrassment’ lies,
although I argue that it is due to the suspicion that Gowdy has abandoned her
“rigor” and “attentiveness to natural science” (Sandlos 87). Most importantly,
there is the impression that
her “huge imaginative leap” (Gowdy/Siciliano) has
failed. Thus, it is the embarrassment of having accepted her
challenge to read
her elephants
as elephants
, to imagine and follow her speculation, only to
encounter a disruption of zoocentrism. It is the same sense that the
representation has been pushed ‘too far’ found in Grove’s ants learning to read.
Is it a speculative challenge or the failure of the author’s zoocentric
imagination?
Whether or not
this is a true ‘failure’ or ‘abandonment,’
it nonetheless
draws attention to the novel’s
construction
in a profound way. To some extent, it
functions in a way similar to Grove’s disruption of his novel’s accuracy. The
reader is reminded of the fictional nature of the narrative
—that it is a speculative
exploration, not an attempt to depict
reality
. I suggest that we might consider
these techniques in the context of Seton
’s and Roberts’ claims of ‘truth’ and
‘accuracy.’ As suggested in the previous section, perhaps these strategies have
Allmark-Kent 229
been developed in response to the perceived foolishness
of attempts to
‘realistically’ represent animals after the Nature Fakers controversy.
Intentionally or otherwise, the use of magic draws attention to the
representation of elephants and what we, as the reader, take for granted. What
do we truly
know
of the nonhuman? In
The White Bone
, Gowdy invites the
reader to experience the richness of her speculation, to enter the being of an
elephant, to glimpse elephant culture and society, to care about these elephants
and to feel their pain. Nonetheless, through this
disruptive use of magic, she
reminds us of the
fantasy of knowing
. Oerleman remarks that the novel makes
us “believe in the possibility that animals like elephants have complex emotional
and spiritual lives, and equally, make us aware of all that we do not and cannot
know about these lives, that they are rich beyond our imagining
” (Oerleman
195)
.
Gowdy opens possibilities
and poses questions, but makes no claims on
behalf of the elephant.
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