Republic of Korea
Around 40% of secondary students are currently enrolled in TVET education, in some schools,
academic and vocational students share almost 75% of the curriculum.
[5]
Russian Federation
A new approach to vocationalization of secondary schooling has been introduced within the
framework of general educational reform. This has been guided by the Ministry of Education's
strategy of modernization. Vocationalization in the Russian Federation refers to the introduction
of profile education at the upper-secondary level (the last two years of schooling, grades 10 and
11) and the process of preparation for profile selection. Profile education provided students with
the opportunity to study a chosen area in depth, usually one that would be related to their
further study (TVET or academic). Schools could design their own profiles, e.g. science, socio-
economics, humanities, and technology, or keep a general orientation curriculum. In preparation
for the upper-secondary specialization, a ′pre-profiling′ programme in grade 9 has been introduced
to help students make their choices in grade 10.
[5]
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