Sifat yasovchi suffikslar
1. So‘z yasovchi negizda ko‘rsatilgan belgiga boy bo‘lish ma’nosini anglatuvchi sifatlar:
Suffikslar
|
So‘z yasovchi ot negizi
|
Yasama so‘z misollari
|
-os-
(us, a, um)
|
squam-a
fibr-a
infect-io
|
tanga
tola
yuqish
|
squam-osus
fibr-osus
infecti-osus
|
tangali
tolali
yuqumli
|
2. So‘z yasovchi negizda ko‘rsatilgan belgiga tegishlilik ma’nosini anglatuvchi sifatlar:
Suffikslar
|
So‘z yasovchi ot negizi
|
Yasama so‘z misollari
|
-al-
(is, e)
|
coron-a
|
toj
|
coron-alis
|
toj tomirga oid; tish tojiga oid
|
-ar-
(is, e)
|
clavicul-a
|
o‘mrov
|
clavicul-aris
|
o‘mrovga oid
|
-ic-
(us, a, um)
|
thorax, acis
zygoma, atis
gaster, tris
|
ko‘krak qafasi
yonoq
me’da
|
thorac-icus
zygomat-icus
gastr-icus
|
ko‘krakka oid
yonoqqa oid
me’daga oid
|
-e-
(us, a, um)
|
perone
pharynx, ngis
oesophag-us
|
kichik boldir suyagi
halqum
qizilo‘ngach
|
peron-eus
pharyng-eus
oesophag-eus
|
kichik boldirga oid
halqumga oid
qizilo‘ngachga oid
|
-in-
(us, a, um)
|
palat-um
uter-us
pelv-is
|
tanglay
bachadon
chanoq
|
palat-inus
uter-inus
pelv-inus
|
tanglayga oid
bachadonga oid
chanoqqa oid
|
Eslatma:
1) agar so‘z yasovchi negizlar -lyoki -r bilan tugallansa, -al-/-ar- suffikslari dissimilatsiyasi ro‘y beradi: vertebralis, clavicularis.
2) -al-/-ar- suffiksli bir qator sifatlar «o‘xshashlik» nostandart umumiy ma’no tashiydi: circularis - doiraviy; reticularis - to‘rsimon; pyramidalis - piramidasimon.
3. So‘z negizida ko‘rsatilgan belgiga o‘xshashlik ma’nosini anglatuvchisifatlar:
Suffikslar
|
So‘z yasovchi ot negizi
|
Yasama so‘z misollari
|
-ide-
(us, a, um)
-ides
|
rhombos
delta
|
romb
delta
|
rhombo-ideus
delto-ideus
delto-ides
|
rombsimon
deltasimon
|
-form-
(is, e)
|
crux, crucis
|
xoch
|
cruci-formis
|
xochsimon
|
Bu turdagi ko‘pchilik sifatlar XVII asrda anatomlar tomonidan sun’iy yaratilgan. Ulardan ayrimlari, mas., m. arytaenoideus - cho‘michsimon mushak; m. hyoideus - asl. ipsilonsimon mushak (ypsilon, υ), m. mastoideus - so‘rg‘icsimon mushak; m. pterygoideus - qanotsimon mushak, umuman so‘z yasovchi negizda berilgan jismlarga o‘xshash emas. Bunday «ziddiyat» bilan vena mastoidea - so‘rg‘ichsimon vena terminsi ham taqdirlangan, negaki u so‘rg‘ichga o‘xshamaydi; uning nomi processus mastoideus - so‘rg‘ichsimon o‘simtaga tegishliligi bilan tushuntiriladi. venae sigmoideae terminsiga ham monand sabab topamiz: ushbu termin bilan ifodalangan venalar sigma yunon harfiga umuman o‘xshamaydi, ammo ular colon sigmoideum - sigmasimon chambar ichakka tegishli.
4. So‘z yasovchi negizda ko‘rsatilgan belgini tashuvchi ma’nosini anglatuvchisifatlar:
Suffikslar
|
So‘z yasovchi ot negizi
|
Yasama so‘z misollari
|
-fer
(us, a, um)
|
semen, inis
sudor, oris
|
urug‘
ter
|
semin-i-fer
sudor-i-fer
|
urug‘ga oid (urug‘ tashiydigan)
terga oid
|
-phor-
(us, a, um)
|
Oon
|
tuxum
|
oo-phorus
|
tuxum tashiydigan
|
5.Negizdako‘rsatilganbelgini 1) «tug‘diradigan, yetishtiradigan, chaqiradigan» (faol ma’no); 2) «tug‘iladigan, chaqiriladigan» (sustma’no) anglatuvchisifatlar:
Suffikslar
|
So‘z yasovchi ot negizi
|
Yasama so‘z misollari
|
-gen-
(us, a, um)
-genes
|
cancer
pyon
enteron
|
saraton
yiring
ichak
|
cancero-genus
pyo-genus
entero-genus
|
saraton chaqiradigan
yirinlatadigan; yiringlagan
ichak kasalligi sababli
| Mashqlar
I. O‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling:
tuberalis, tuberosus, tuberculum, tuberositas, tubercularis; tubus, tubulus, tuba, tubula, tubalis; bulla, bullosus; capitulum, capitalis; denticulus, dentalis; vesicula, vesicularis.
II.Qo‘shimchalarni belgilang, o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling:
cuticula, tuberculum, mammilla, frenulum, glomerulum, ossiculum, ventriculus, corpusculum, lingula, lingualis, lingularis, radicula, ventralis, dorsalis, tympanicus, caninus, meningeus, membranosus, cardiogenus (yun. cardia - yurak), spongiosus, analis, femoralis, geniculum, maxillaris, mandibularis, mucosa, serosa, granulosus, alveolaris, gluteus, coccygeus, carpeus, parotideus, tarseus, phalangeus, caroticus, pubicus, neurogenus.
III. Qo‘shimchalar ma’nosini ko‘rsating, o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qiling:
papilla parotidea, ductus pancreaticus, fossa condylaris, fossula petrosa ossis temporalis, incisura fibularis, processus styloideus, ductus hepaticus, os scaphoideum, palatum osseum, vena gastrica, m. gluteus, arteria meningea, ductuli prostatici, fossa canina maxillae, cavitas medullaris, cornu sacrale, apex ossis sacri, tuber ischiadicum, systema nervosum centrale.
IV.Ma’no jihatidan so‘z yasovchi qo‘shimchalardan foydalangan holda sifat yasang:
«- simon,o‘xshash» - xanjar (yun. xiphos), bigiz (yun. stylos), pona (yun. sphen), trapetsiya (yun. trapezion), o‘rgimchak to‘ri (yun. arachne), qalqon (yun. thyreos), qanot (yun. pteryg-), so‘rg‘ich (yun. mastos), pona (lot. cuneus), zamburug‘ (lot. fungus), duk (lot. fusum), chuvalchang (lot. vermis).
«ko’p, boy» - tolali, shilliqli, g‘orli, gangliyli, koptokchali, donchali, tomirchali, do‘mboqli.
«tegishli, oid» - ko‘krak qafasiga tegishli , nog‘oraga oid, diafragmaga oid, uyqu arteriyasiga oid, me’daga oid, limfaga oid, ko‘ruv bo‘rtig‘iga oid, siydik nayiga oid.
V.-io qo‘shimchasi yordamida fe’l negizidan ot yasang:
A. resectum - kesib olmoq, qirqib olmoq; extirpatum - ildizi bilan yulib olmoq; sectum - kesmoq, qirqmoq; punctum - sanchmoq; extractum - chiqarmoq; extensum - uzatmoq, cho‘zmoq.
B. obturatum - tiqinlamoq; occlusum - bekitmoq; contractum - tortmoq; luxatum - chiqmoq, siljimoq; invasum - bostirib kirmoq; transfusum - quymoq; secretum - ajratmoq; depressum - tushirmoq, bosmoq; commotum - chayqatmoq; compressum - qismoq; infectum - singdirmoq, yuqtirmoq; selectum - tanlamoq; mutatum - o‘zgartirmoq; injectum - ichiga tashlamoq; perforatum - teshib o‘tmoq.
VI.-or qo‘shimchasi yordamida fe’l negizidan ot yasang:
constrictum - toraytirmoq; depressum - tushirmoq, bosmoq; injectum - ichiga tashlamoq; supinatum - to‘ntarmoq, ag‘darmoq; erectum - to‘g‘rilamoq; monitum - eslatmoq, nazorat qilmoq; excavatum - o‘yib olmoq; acceptum - qabul qilmoq; receptum - olmoq; ordinatum - tartibga solmoq.
VII.-ura qo‘shimchasi yordamida fe’l negizidan ot yasang:
junctum - bog‘lamoq; strictum - toraymoq; curvatum - egmoq; fissum - tilmoq, yormoq; comissum - biriktirmoq; sutum - tikmoq; fractum - sindirmoq, buzmoq.
VIII. Klinik terminlarni tarjima qiling:
perforatio appendicis, abscessus chronicus, abscessus hepatis ascaridosus, glaucoma malignum pigmentosum, glaucoma juvenile, polypus mucosus simplex, polypus fibrosus, cancer papillaris, eruptio medicamentosa, ulcus gangraenosum, cysta dentalis radicularis, cysta bronchogena, cysta palatina, cancer pulmonis.
IX .Termin-so’z tuzilmalarini o’qing. Suffikslarni ajrating,
manosini taxlil qiling
1. necrosis pulpae
2. resection apices radices dentis
3. dermatitis faciei(dermato-teri)
4. papillae fungiformes linguae
5. pulpitis diffusa acuta
6. periodontitis acuta
7. perforatio parietis sinus maxillaris
8. fractura mandibulae
9. glossitis purulenta profunda
10. pulpitis gangraenosa chronica
11. glossitis rhomboidea.
12. parodontosis chronica
X. Termin-so’z tuzilmalarini lotin tiliga tarjima qiling:
1. Tanglayda yiring bo’lishi (tilning, pulpaning)
2. Tishning kraiesi (tishlarning)
3. Chuqur yiringli o‘yma
4. Kariesli tish (tishlar)
5. Kariesli bo’shliq (dog‘)
6. Katta shikastlanish (kichik)
7. Labdagi yara
8. Yuzning ishishi
9. Yaxshi sifatli (yomon sifatli) o’simta
10. Yuqori jag’ning sinishi (pastki)
11. Boshning shikastlanishi (yuzning, tishning)
12. Pastki labning yallig’lanishi (yuqori)
13. Yuqumli kasallik
14. Shikastlanishdan keyingi behush holat
15. Og’ish bo’shlig’ining xavfli osimtasi
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