Uzbekistan state world languages university department of the theoretical aspects of the english language-i course paper in modern english lexicology

2.3 The text analysis of the word "God"
The first data were taken from the text of the translation of Old Testament which was written in the holy book and software version (Alkitab Electronic). For the next, the data of Old Testament will be compared with the text of New Testament to know the differences between the Old Testament and New Testament in terms of the word “GOD”.
There are two thousand eight hundred seventy nine verses found related to the word “GOD”. The researcher uses three examples to represent the data found. This example is taken from the first verse in Old Testament. For the next, the researcher chooses the word that has the related meaning with the word God. For the last example, the researcher uses the improvement of the word God in Old Testament.
Actually, the researcher has chosen those three examples because the improvement of the word God happened in Old Testament.
Verse one in Old Testament:
Genesis, 1:1
“In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth”, (Genesis, 1:1)”
The verse above tells about God created the heaven and the earth. It should be the highest one who has a power creates the heaven and the world. The thing that created the heaven and the earth was God. The type of lexical relation of the word God in this verse is classified into Denotative meaning of God. It is proved when the script of Genesis 1:1 that written in Old Greek language mention the word Elohim as the creatures of the heaven and the earth.“BERE ‟SYIT BARA‟ „ELOHIM „ET HASYAMAYIM VE ‟ET HA‟ARETS”
The word “Elohim” is the form of God before being translated into the English Language. In other Holly Bible, the word God use “Yahweh”. The history of the word Yahweh and Elohim is explained by Karen Armstrong in her book the History of God. She said about the beginning of the word God appeared around eight century BC. There are two early writers of Biblical English that mention the word God with the word “Yahweh” and “Elohim”. The word “Yahweh” was written by the writers in initial “J”, another writer in initial “E” mentioned the word God as “Elohim”. The name of God as “Yahweh” and “Elohim” based on the strength of the territory of Israel Kingdom. Israel in Abraham age called Cana‟an. Cana‟an in around eight century BC separated into two big kingdoms. “J” wrote the bible in south kingdom and “E” wrote in north kingdom. Both names of God are possibly the God of Abraham called “El” as the greatest lord in Cana‟an. In other place “El” called “El Eliyon” the highest Lord of the Lord in Cana‟an.
The researcher assumed about the difference word of Yahweh and Elohim is caused by the different geographical aspect. Geographical aspect builds a reasons about the word Yahweh and Elohim creates. The reason means the connection that reveal the fact of the difference of the word Yahweh and Elohim.
This phenomenon is studied in the field of synchronic study. Synchronic study has important point in the study of the word God. The importance of synchronic study is to be data that has interaction of logic and Psychology which has connection in relations of terms in one system. This synchronic study is to be data for Diachronic study to complete the data of the history of language. Because the researcher did not have enough data used in synchronic study, the researcher focuses on the field of Diachronic study. Diachronic study of the word God has begun with the word Elohim and Yahweh as the first word used in Bible. The word Elohim is the same with the word “El”, “El-Eliyon” and “El-Shaddai”. The word El is used by Ibrahim to call his God. El is known as the highest God in Canaan. Ibrahim also used El-Sadai and El-Eliyon (the greates God) as the other names of God used in Ibranian language (Amstrong, 41). The word “El Eliyon” is the same as the Arabic word “Al-Alyyu” (the highest). The meaning of the Highest is the same as Abraham’s God. The lord in Abraham language as “El” is currently attached to the name of the servant of God as Israel (means the servant of God), Isma-El, Samu-El, Isra-El, and many others(Amstrong, 41). The word Al-alyyu also appear on the holy book namely Holly Qur’an as one of the name of God which known as “Asm’ulHusna”.
The Unitarian between Holly Bible and Holly Qur’an is proved when the God of Islamic religion called ALLOH. The word Allohis come from “Ilah” which means God. The word “Ilah” has definition God in general. General means another name of God, the example in another word is the word “human”. The word human is the general word of the word Ahmad as a part of human itself. The grammatical meaning of general in Arabic language called “Nakiroh” (General). After that, to make the word “Ilah” is different from the others, because the characteristics of God are not the same as others, so the word “Al” is to specify the word “Ilah”. The position of the character of the word “Al” in Arabic language has specific meaning (Ma’rifat).
The character of God in Old Testament has the same meaning as God in Islamic religion. In Islam the first verse that relegated to the last prophet gives the definition of the God:
Read: in the name of the Lord who created (Al-A’laq (Embryo):1)
The researcher assumed that the similar definition of God is because the same source of Abraham religion as the father of both Islamic and Christian religion.
That is the reason why the religion in the world categorized as two concentrations: Reveal and Non-Reveal Religion. Islamic and Christian are included into Reveal religion because both Islamic and Christian religion has revelation from the God as
The Holy Bible for Christian religion and The Holy Qur’an for Islamic religion.
The archeologist Harnack and Brunner agree that Islamic and Christian religions are Unitarian (a branch of Christian religion who does not behave TRINITY).
There are many similarities about the story in Islamic and Christian perspective; it means the similarities between Koran and Bible are not found in the whole verse.
Dr.MauriceBucaille in his book La Bible, Le Coranet la Science (1976), said that
Holly Bible and Holly Qur’an have the same history about the beginning of Jesus.
The genesis of Jesus which comes from the process of parthenogenesis, it is kind of the outgrown of baby inside of uterus beyond the logic of humanity. The ovum doesn’t need spermatozoa to create an embryo that will be a baby. The creature of
Jesus (Isa) is the same as Adam creature which is born with parthenogenesis. Old
Testament explains about Adam creatures that are created with the explanation that the creation of first human is not coming from the holly thing as God, but with Adam or Adamah. This explanation is nearly the same in the explanation in Holly Qur’an. In the verse 3: 59, Holly Qur’an assumed that the creation of Adam is come from ground. In addition, in Holly Qur’an mention the prophet Isa or known as Yesus has the same creation with Adam.
If we conclude kinds of word God in the beginning sub disciplinary of this chapter, the word “God” comes from the word “El”, “El Eliyon”, and “Elohim”.
Those changes are not disciplinary influence the meaning of every single word that contains the sound change. The meanings are the same, but the sound and the time of each word are not the same. There is no specification of the way the word “El”, “El Eliyon”, and “Elohim” improves. Saussure gives an explanation of this phenomenon. He said that there is no way to define in certain rule about a language. Factors of physiologist and psychologist make an interaction to decide the improvement of the word God.