2020 Singapore Mathematics Project Festival Viviani’s Theorem and its Related Problems
12
Proof of converse of Carnot’s Theorem
By condition,
a and
b are respectively
perpendicular to
BC and
CA. Since
BC, CA
intersect at
C,
a and
b intersect.
Let
O be the intersection of
a and
b. By
Lemma 2:
a, b, c converge
O
c
PO ≡
c
PO
AB
PA
2
- PB
2
= OA
2
– OB
2
(OB
2
- OA
2
) +
(PA
2
-PB
2
) = 0
(MB
2
- MC
2
) +
(NC
2
– NA
2
) + (PA
2
– PB
2
) = 0 (Q.E.D)
INSPIRATION
From our research of existing work, we noted that the general method to approach Viviani’s theorem and
its extension is the application of the sum of area of triangles. So far, from the investigation on other studies
that we have been referred to, there has been only 3 studies researching on Viviani’s theorem using vectors.
Those include: Zhibo Chen & Tiang Lian (2012), Hans Samelson (2003) and Michel Cabart. The study of
Zhibo Chen & Tiang Lian (2012) is indeed to prove the converse of Viviani’s theorem in triangles using
the same method as Hans Samelson that working on unit vectors with trigonometry involved. The converse
of Viviani’s theorem in triangles indeed has been developed and extended to polygons, suggesting the
conditions for a polygon to possess CVS property (Elias Abboud, 2009); however, the approach to the
extension of the theorem in the broader context did not remain the same: linear programming was involved.
For Secondary school students, additional work and study is required before a complete understanding on
this way of approach. Therefore, we were inspired to follow closely the approach using vectors, which are
believed to be more appropriate to give an insightful understanding to Secondary School students. With a
powerful geometrical tool as vectors, it is confidently believed that gaps in the previous work would be
clearly clarified and explained.
Besides, there have been attempts to further investigate problems related to Viviani’s theorem such as loci
of points, deduction of eclipse, Miquel triangles, etc. However, it has been observed that there is no attempt
to establish a link between Viviani’s theorem with another geometrical theorem in the same field. Therefore,
to show theorems in Mathematics are thoroughly coherent, we decided to introduce a relationship between
theorems in the same Geometry field.
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