4
Bunge are the outstanding representatives of
exuding the typical odour of unrestrained
6
philosophical analysts of technology who have
technolatry and pneumapathology” Technology
also delved into the holistic and scientific
is not an educational panacea. It is only a tool to
evaluation of innovation phenomena. In the book
help solve a broad based problem. We have to use
7
“The Technological Society” (1964) J. Ellul
technology rather than be used by it.
described all technological innovations as
Science, through its its historical development,
“technique” tended to be applied to the global
can correct the "practical urgency of innovations”
applications of the repeated cycles for gaining the
which is characterized by 3 types of changes in the
certain final and successful goals. He wrote that
scientific rationality followed by Stepin V.S.and
Kuznetsova L.F: classical, non-classical and post-
non classical rationality. They wrote: “the criteria
for distinguishing them are: 1) The features of
technology, Mario Bunge states that it is
unfortunate that the philosophy of pragmatism has
given us less. He describes the relations between
technology and philosophy “in terms of inputs and
outputs. On the output side, he notes the
technology supplies system-theoretical-
ontologies (i.e. conceptual systems of the nature of
scientifically knowable object like the Bunge
himself has produced in a multi-volume
5
treatise).”
“technique” for him is potentially applicable to
any area of life and is always judged and modified
by the criteria of efficiency. While describing
46
324 Dekabr 2013
organizational system of objects assimilated by
applying innovations. From this end, professor
science (simple systems, complex self-correcting,
Eric Von Hippel quite justifiably writes that “if an
self-developing complex systems), 2) the inherent
electrician were to develop an improvement to the
rationality of each type of system of ideals and
installation attributes of a switch, it would be
10
standards of research (explanation, description,
considered a user-developed innovation”. This
rationale, structure and construction of know-
process will further inevitably need the estab-
ledge) and 3) the specifics of the philosophical and
lishment of “democratizing the nature of
methodological reflections over the cognitive ac-
Dostları ilə paylaş: |