Compiling Android Systems from Source



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tarix10.03.2023
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09 BuildingAndroid

Building Your Own Android Systems from Source

Instructor: Adam C. Champion, Ph.D.

CSE 5236: Mobile App Development

Outline

Motivation

  • Why build your own system?
    • Full control over device software (remove “bloat,” address security and privacy)
    • Extend device lifetime beyond “official” OS support
    • Research (e.g., wireless networking, mobile systems, etc.)
    • Customize device (e.g., themes, lockscreens)
  • Disclaimers:
    • This will definitely void your warranty – system building is at your own risk! Not responsible for “bricked” devices!
    • Using a custom Android system on a cellular network may violate your network operator’s terms of service
    • We’ll only cover building Android Open Source Project (AOSP); Google services are proprietary

Preparing a Build Environment (1)

  • What you’ll need: [1]
    • 64-bit macOS, Ubuntu Linux 14.04*
    • 16 GB RAM
    • 250 GB disk space for code; 150 GB for builds
    • JDK (for earlier versions)
    • Python 2.7
    • GNU Make
    • Clang/LLVM (for Android 8+)
    • Git
    • A few hours …

JDK Version

Android Version

5

1.5–2.2

6

2.3–4.4

7

5

* MS Windows users need to create Linux VM (e.g., using VirtualBox [2]).
Google provides Docker file to automate package installation.

Preparing a Build Environment (2)

  • Install prerequisites [3]:
    • OS X: Xcode, command-line utilities (Mac App Store); GNU Make, Git, ccache from MacPorts/Homebrew
    • Linux: Software updates, needed packages [3]
    • ccache strongly recommended (speeds up build) [3]
  • Linux users need to enable USB access: [4]
  • wget -S -O - http://source.android.com/source/51-android.rules | sed "s//$USER/" | sudo tee >/dev/null /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules; sudo udevadm control --reload-rules

Preparing a Build Environment (3)

  • Install repo, create working directory. Run the following in a shell: [4]
    • mkdir ~/bin
    • PATH=~/bin:$PATH
    • curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/bin/repo
    • chmod a+x ~/bin/repo
    • mkdir WORKING_DIRECTORY
    • cd WORKING_DIRECTORY
    • repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest
    • repo sync
  • Be prepared to wait a few hours, especially with the last command!

Building the System

  • Run the following in a shell: [4]
    • . build/envsetup.sh
    • lunch
    • # Pick an option. Make sure to select a “*-userdebug” or “*-eng” build
    • export USE_CCACHE=1
    • export CCACHE_DIR=/
      /.ccache
    • prebuilts/misc/linux-x86/ccache/ccache -M 50G
    • make -j4
    • On OS X, replace linux-x86 with darwin-x86

  • This process takes several hours. SSDs greatly decreases compile time…

Installing System on Device

  • Prerequisites:
    • Unlock device bootloader (voids warranty)
    • Get root access on your device (varies among devices; voids warranty)
  • Ensure you download the proprietary binaries for your device from device manufacturer [5]
  • Then run tar xvzf at a shell for each downloaded driver (may vary for devices)
  • Now run at a shell:
    • adb reboot bootloader
    • fastboot flashall -w

More to Explore

  • Build LineageOS (a custom Android ROM) via similar process as AOSP [6]
  • Xposed: JAR file loaded into each Android executable for customization [7]
  • F-Droid: Open-source Android software repository alternative to Google Play [8]
  • The rest is up to you!

Thank You

Questions and comments?

References

  • AOSP, https://source.android.com/source/requirements.html
  • Oracle, VirtualBox, http://www.virtualbox.org
  • AOSP, https://source.android.com/source/initializing.html
  • AOSP, https://source.android.com/source/downloading.html
  • Google Inc., https://developers.google.com/android/drivers
  • Lineage OS, https://lineageos.org/
  • XDA-Developers, http://forum.xda-developers.com/xposed/xposed-installer-versions-changelog-t2714053
  • F-Droid, http://f-droid.org

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