Secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND
SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION
OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN


Fergana state university



Theme: THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
Done: Javlonbek O’lmasov
group № S 19-83
English teacher: Jo’rayeva M.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population.^[1] Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world.^[2]
Classical economists such as Adam Smith (1723–1790), Thomas Malthus (1766–1834), and David Ricardo (1772–1823) concentrated their attention on factor income-distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the primary factors of production (land, labour and capital). Modern economists have also addressed issues of income distribution, but have focused more on the distribution of income across individuals and households. Important theoretical and policy concerns include the balance between income inequality and economic growth, and their often inverse relationship.^[3]
The Lorenz curve can represent the distribution of income within a society. The Lorenz curve is closely associated with measures of income inequality, such as the Gini coefficient.
Measurement[edit]

Income before (green) and after (pink) taxes and Transfer payments for different income groups starting with the lowest quintile. Top 20% people take approximately 45% of the all income.

Main article: Income inequality metrics
The concept of inequality is distinct from that of poverty^[4] and fairness. Income inequality metrics (or income distribution metrics) are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income, and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general. While different theories may try to explain how income inequality comes about, income inequality metrics simply provide a system of measurement used to determine the dispersion of incomes.