1 republic of uzbekistan ministry of higher and secondary specialised education

Cognitive semantics
approaches meaning from the perspective of 
cognitive linguistics. In this framework language is explained via 
general human cognitive abilities rather than domain- specific language 
module.The techniques native to cognitive semantics are typically used
in lexical studies such as put forth by Leonard Talmy, George Lakoff. 
Lexical
semantics
investigates the meaning of a word which is fully 
reflected by the context.The meaning of a word is constituted by its 
contextual relations. In order to accomplish the distinction in meaning
any part of a sentence that bears a meaning and combines with the 
meanings of other constituents is labeled as a semantic constituent. 
Cross-cultural semantics’ purpose
is to introduce the participants to 
the basic assumptions, scope, and methodology of Natural Semantic 
Metalanguage(NSM) project, focusing on the empirical search for 

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semantic primes and universals in natural human languages. The 
Natural Semantic Metalanguage research framework has clear 
implications for language teaching, cross-cultural communications
and education. 
Computational semantics
is focused on the processing of 
linguistic meaning. In order to do this algorithms and architectures are 
described. 
Above we have given interpretations concerning the units of every 
level of the language so that when speaking about the methods of 
investigating the structues of foreign and native languages the 
specialist working in the field of comparison of language structures 
should be aware of language units in phonology, morphology, syntax, 
lexicology and semantics. 
Proceeding from the definition of the systemic character of the 
language as it has been interpreted above, every phenomenon in the 
language structure is examined in the binary opposition.
The 
language is considered to be the system of signs. The notion "system" 
is defined as complex of units, where every unit receives its quantitative 
characteristics depending on the other units. Always where is a system, 
there should be two units at least. If one of these units is omitted there 
can't be a system. 
F.F. Fortunatof’s theory of word form is of great importance in 
defining grammatical ways of any grammatical phenomena. He says 
the following speaking about word forms: "формою отдельных 
полных слов в собственном значении этого термина называется 
способность отдельных слов