Expression of grammatical meanings by grammatical means
Synthetically
Analytically
Affixation
Phone
me
inter-
chang
e
The
change
of
the
place of
the
stress in
the
word
Suppleti
on
Combinati
on
of
function
word with
notional
word
Order of
words in
the
sentence
Inner
fusion
Outer
fusion
child,
children,
keep-
kept,
break-
broken,
rise-risen
house-
houses
man-
men,
foot-
feet,
tooth-
teeth
засып’а
ть
(несов.)
зас’ыпа
ть
(сов.)
go-
went,
bad-
worse,
good-
better,
be:am-
is-are-
I go – I
shall go,
beautiful –
the most
beautiful
I
work
(intr.) in
the
garden –
I
work
(tr.)
68
Typology of main grammatical categories
Learning grammatical structure of the language we start with
concrete grammatical categories. Therefore comparative typology
studies concrete grammatical categories comparatively. Comparison
of grammatical categories of the English and native language’s
structure is carried out on the basis of transformational method , that
is syntagmatic and paradigmatic opposition of word forms. As a
metalanguage Russian is taken, as its morphology is highly
developed.
There are two kinds of grammatical categories
1. Primary grammatical categories
2. Secondary grammatical categories
Primary grammatical categories
Primary grammatical categories are parts of speech. In modern
English, Russian and Uzbek languages parts of speech are classified
according to the following peculiarities:
1)
according to lexical and lexical-grammatical meanings;
2)
according to morphological structure;
3)
according to the function of words.
Classifying parts of speech lexical and grammatical forms are
taken into account and therefore parts of speech are called lexical-
grammatical categories. Parts of speech are love, building, clever, run,
walk, sleep. They are stems or root- words.
was-
were
my son in
the
garden,
I
sleep
(intr.) in
the
garden –
I
sleep
(tr.) my
child in
the
garden
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