Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity involves the loss of normal immune
homeostasis such that the organism produces an
abnormal response to its own tissue. The hallmark of
autoimmunity is the presence of self-reactive T cells,
auto-antibodies, and inflammation. Prominent examples
of autoimmune diseases include: Celiac disease, type 1
diabetes mellitus, Addison’s disease and Graves’ disease
[
8
].
Inflammation
Poorly regulated inflammatory responses and
tissue damage as a result of inflammation are often
immunopathological features. Defects in immune
regulation are associated with many chronic
inflammatory diseases, including: rheumatoid arthritis,
psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma.
Classical features of inflammation are heat, redness,
swelling and pain. Inflammation can be part of the
normal host response to infection and a required
process to rid the body of pathogens, or it may become
uncontrolled and lead to chronic inflammatory disease.
The overproduction of inflammatory cytokines (such
as TNF, IL-1 and IL-6) as well as the recruitment of
inflammatory cells (such as neutrophils and monocytes)
through the function of chemokines are important
drivers of the inflammatory process. Additional
mediators produced by recruited and activated immune
cells induce changes in vascular permeability and pain
sensitivity.
Dostları ilə paylaş: | 
