Anthrax
Treatment
TR
E
AT
M
E
N
T
Acute
Secondary options
» levofloxacin
: 750 mg intravenously every 24
hours
-or-
» moxifloxacin
: 400 mg intravenously every
24 hours
--AND--
» imipenem/cilastatin
: 1 g intravenously every
6 hours
Dose refers to imipenem component.
-or-
» doripenem
: 500 mg intravenously every 8
hours
--AND--
» clindamycin
: 900 mg intravenously every 8
hours
-or-
» rifampicin
: 600 mg intravenously every 12
hours
-or-
» chloramphenicol
: 1000 mg intravenously
every 6-8 hours
»
Anthrax meningitis warrants intravenous
antibiotic treatment with at least three
antimicrobial agents that have activity against
Bacillus anthracis
and have good CNS
penetration.
»
If
B anthracis
is sensitive to penicillin,
benzylpenicillin or ampicillin are the preferred
therapeutic agents and should replace
meropenem.
[60]
Doxycycline has poor CNS
penetration and should not be used in suspected
cases of anthrax meningitis.
[34]
The in-vivo
efficacy of chloramphenicol in augmenting
primary therapy has not been tested; it is used
only if the preferred agents are contraindicated,
unavailable, or inactive.
»
The antibiotic regimen can be modified once
culture susceptibility data are available.
»
Intravenous combination therapy should be
continued for ≥2 weeks and can be switched to
oral therapy after this time point if the patient is
deemed to be clinically stable. Some experts feel
that intravenous antibiotics should be continued
for ≥3 weeks because of the high mortality rate
associated with anthrax meningitis.
[60]
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