Embryology , the study of an organism's development of its anatomy to its adult form provides
evidence of relatedness between now widely divergent groups of organisms. Structures that are absent in some
groups frequently appear in their embryonic forms and then disappear by the time they reach the adult or
juvenile form. All vertebrate embryos, including humans, have gill slits at some point during their
development. These disappear in adults of terrestrial groups but persist in aquatic groups such as fish and some
amphibians. During development, great ape embryos, including humans, have a tail structure that is lost by the
time they are born. The reason embryos of unrelated species are often similar is that mutational changes that
affect the organism during embryonic development can cause amplified differences in the adult, even while
the embryonic similarities are preserved
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Exercises 1 : Read the following words and guess their meaning:
natural selection, mechanisms of evolution, synthesis, convergent, analogous, homologous structures,
hummingbird, lineage, divergence, ostrich, descend, ancestor, appearance, environment, adaptation, pollinator,
conceive
Exercise 2 : Discuss the questions in a group and answer them.
1. The Earth's age, in years. How long has life existed on the planet?
2. What do fossils provide scientists with?
3. Do the bones of a person, dog, bird, and whale's appendages all have the same general structure?
4. What names do scientists give these related components?
5. What can a mutation change species into?
Key definitions Expedition – a trip or outing that is made with a specific goal in mind
Explore – to look into, research, or evaluate