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lake, each with its own morphology and diet, and scientists think that these populations
may be in the early
stages of speciation.
Finally, a well-documented example of ongoing sympatric speciation occurred in the apple
maggot fly,
Rhagoletis pomonella
, which arose as an isolated population sometime after the
introduction of the apple into North America. The native population of flies fed on hawthorn species
and is host-specific: it only infests hawthorn trees. Importantly, it also uses the trees as a location to
meet for mating. It is hypothesized that either through mutation or a behavioral mistake, flies jumped
hosts and met and mated in apple trees, subsequently laying their eggs in apple fruit. The offspring
matured and kept their preference for the apple trees effectively dividing the original population into
two new populations separated by host species, not by geography. The host jump took place in the
nineteenth century, but there are now measureable differences between the two populations of fly. It
seems likely that host specificity of parasites in general is a common cause of sympatric speciation
43
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