: The Building Bloсks of Molecules Life is composed of matter at its most basic level. Space-occupying matter has mass. All matter is made
up of elements, which are substances that cannot be chemically broken down or changed into other substances.
Each atom in an element has a fixed number of protons and distinct properties. Although 118 elements have
been defined, fewer than 30 are found in living cells and only 92 occur naturally. The remaining 26 elements
are either hypothetical and haven't been discovered yet or unstable and don't last very long. Each element has
a distinct set of properties and is identified by its chemical symbol (for example,
H ,
N ,
O ,
C , and
Na ). These
special characteristics enable specific combinations and bonds between elements.
Atoms The smallest part of an element that still has all of its chemical characteristics is called an atom. One
hydrogen atom, for instance, possesses all the characteristics of the element hydrogen, including the ability to
bond with oxygen to form a water molecule and exist as a gas at room temperature. Atoms of hydrogen cannot
be divided into smaller units without losing their hydrogen-specific characteristics. A hydrogen atom would
lose its hydrogen characteristics if it were divided up into subatomic particles.
All living things are composed of a combination of elements at their most basic level. They contain
atoms, which unite to create molecules. Molecules can interact to form cells, which then combine to form
tissues, which then combine to form organs in multicellular organisms like animals. Up until the formation of
complete multicellular organisms, these combinations persist.
Protons, electrons, and neutrons are contain in all atom (Figure 4). Hydrogen (H), which has one proton
and one electron, is the only exception. A proton is a positively charged particle with a mass of one and a charge
of one that is found in the nucleus, or center, of an atom. An electron is a particle with a negative charge that
moves around the nucleus. It is located outside of the nucleus, in other words. It is extremely light and has a
negative charge.