145
photosynthetic tissue to the rest of the plant. The vascular bundles are surrounded by
dermal tissue and
encased in
ground tissue
67
.
6.1 Reading #3
: Dermal Tissue
The stem's dermal tissue is primarily made up of
epidermis
, a single layer of cells that covers
and protects the underlying tissue. Woody plants have a tough, waterproof outer layer of cork cells
known as
bark
that protects the plant from further damage. Epidermal cells are the most numerous
and least differentiated epidermal cells. A leaf's epidermis also contains stomata, which are openings
that allow gases to exchange (Figure 91). Two cells, known as
guard cells
, surround each leaf stoma,
controlling its opening and closing and thus regulating the uptake of carbon dioxide and the release
of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Trichomes
are hair-like structures on the epidermal surface. They aid
in reducing transpiration (the loss of water by aboveground plant parts),
increasing solar reflectance,
and storing compounds that protect the leaves from herbivore predation.
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