3.1 Reading Resource #3 : Meiosis II In meiosis II, the connected sister chromatids remaining in the haploid cells from meiosis I will be split
to form four haploid cells. Before beginning meiosis II, cells in some species undergo a brief interphase called
interkinesis , which is devoid of S phase. Interkinesis does not result in the duplication of chromosomes. The
two cells created during meiosis I experience meiosis II's stages simultaneously. Overall, meiosis II resembles
the mitotic division of a haploid cell.
In prophase II, If in telophase I the chromosomes decondensed, they condense once more. Vesicles are
formed when nuclear envelopes break apart. New spindles are created as the centrosomes that were duplicated
during interkinesis move apart and toward opposite poles. The spindle is fully formed and the nuclear envelopes
have completely disintegrated during prometaphase II. Every sister chromatid creates its own kinetochore,
which connects to microtubules from the opposing poles. The sister chromatids are most tightly packed and
aligned at the cell's center during metaphase II. In anaphase II, the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the
spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles.
Figure 36. Microtubules cling to the fused kinetochores of homologous chromosomes during
prometaphase I. The homologous chromosomes are divided during anaphase I. Sister chromatid
kinetochores receive individual microtubule attachments during prometaphase II. The sister
chromatids are divided during anaphase II
. In telophase II, As they reach their respective poles, the chromosomes start to decondense. The
chromosomes are surrounded by nuclear envelopes. The two cells divide through cytokinesis to form four
haploid cells with distinct genetic makeup. At this point, the nuclei in the newly produced cells are both haploid
and have only one copy of the single set of chromosomes. Due to the random distribution of maternal and
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paternal homologs and the crossover-induced recombination of maternal and paternal chromosomal segments
with their respective gene sets, the cells produced are genetically distinct.
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