diploid-dominant , in which the multicellular
diploid stage is the most obvious life stage (and there is no multicellular haploid stage), as with most animals
including humans;
haploid-dominant , in which the multicellular haploid stage is the most obvious life stage
(and there is no multicellular diploid stage), as with all fungi and some algae; and
alternation of generations ,
in which the two stages, haploid and diploid, are apparent to one degree or another depending on the group, as
with plants and some algae.
The gametes are the only haploid cells produced by an animal's life cycle, which is almost universally
diploid-dominant. The gametes are produced from diploid
germ cells , a special cell line that only produces
gametes. The haploid gametes can no longer divide after they have been formed. There is no haploid
multicellular life stage. When two gametes, typically from different people, fuse during fertilization, the diploid
state is restored (Figure 34a).
Most fungi and algae use a haploid multicellular "body" as their life-cycle strategy. Specialized haploid
cells from two individuals combine during sexual reproduction to form a diploid zygote. The zygote
immediately undergoes meiosis to form four haploid cells called spores (Figure 34b).
All plants and some algae use the third type of life cycle, known as alternation of generations. Both
haploid and diploid multicellular organisms are a part of the life cycles of these species. The haploid
multicellular plants are called
gametophytes because they produce gametes. Since the organism that produces
gametes is already haploid, meiosis is not involved in the production of gametes in this instance. A diploid
zygote is created when the gametes fertilize one another. The zygote will undergo many rounds of mitosis and
give rise to a diploid multicellular plant called a
sporophyte . The sporophyte's specialized cells will go through
meiosis and produce haploid spores. Gametophytes will emerge from the spores (Figure 34c)

.