Figure 33.
In part (a), At the animal cell's former metaphase plate, a cleavage furrow develops. A ring of
actin fibers that is contracting just inside the membrane pulls the plasma membrane in. The cells are split in
half as the cleavage furrow deepens. In part (b), In a plant cell, the former metaphase plate is where the golgi
vesicles congregate. Vesicles combine to create the cell plate. From the center outward toward the cell walls,
the cell plate expands. New cell walls are made from the vesicle contents

.
Exercise 1
: Read the following words and guess their meaning:
continuity, genome, cell cycle, genetic, diverse, mechanism, replicate, structure, dna, nucleoid, growth,
double-stranded, species, characteristic, chromosomes, nuclei, somatic, homologous, expose, fluorescent,
segments, phase
Key definitions
Chromosomes
-
any of the rod- or thread-shaped DNA-containing structures found in the nucleus of
eukaryotes, which are typically ring-shaped in prokaryotes (like bacteria) and house all or the majority of the
organism's genes
Diploid
-
containing two homologous haploid sets of chromosomes
Haploid
-
containing one of each homologous pair of chromosomes in addition to the gametic number of
chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
-
normally, a pair of chromosomes includes one from the mother and one from the
father
Interphase
-
the time frame between one mitotic or meiotic division and its counterpart
Mitotic phase
-
the stage of the cell cycle emphasized by the separation of two identical sets of chromosomes
into two nuclei
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