English for

Key definitions 
Plant shoot 
– 
the plant's above-ground portion that bears blooming buds, lateral buds, and flowering stems
 
Base 
– 
the base of anything regarded as its support
 
Secondary 
– 
derived instantly from something original, main, or fundamental
 
Primary 
– 
first in chronological sequence or growth
 
Damage 
– 
physical injury that reduces something's worth, usefulness, or natural function 
Loss 
– 
the act or circumstance of being unable to hold or keep someone or something 
Supply 
– 
the number or amount required or available (as of a commodity)
 
Stem 
- 
the plant's main trunk
Cambium 
– 
a thin formative layer of most vascular plants that gives rise to new cells and is responsible for 
secondary growth
 
 
Exercises 1
: Read the following words and guess their meaning: 
growth, plant, occur, life span, primary, secondary, characterize, girth, cell division, noticeable, 
rarely, vascular, cork layer, apices, tips, subsequent, contribute, enable, influence, bud, coniferous, 
exhibit, dominance, prune, outermost 
Exercise 2: 
Discuss the questions with a partner and answer them. 
1.
How does cell division work? 
2.
Define plant anatomy. 
3.
Define a tissue. 
4.
What is differentiation? 
5.
What is called callose? 
6.
What are called guard cells? 
7.
What is a meristematic tissue? 
8.
What are called lateral meristems? 
9.
Define a permanent tissue. 
10.
What are the types of simple tissues and complex tissues? 
11.
What is a parenchyma? 
12.
What are surface fibres?