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various properties are obtained. Of the common metals, only copper and aluminum are
widely used, which are used to make electrical wires and other details.
Among the non-metallic chemical elements, the non-metallic elements that play
the most important
role in industry are oxygen, carbon,
nitrogen,
are hydrogen,
phosphorus and sulfur.
In the technique, nitrogen compound NH
3
-ammonia gas is used to harden the
surface of steel, nitrogenization. Oxygen is used in industry for welding and cutting
metals, blast furnaces and converters to speed up the metal production process.
Silicon Si. It is used in obtaining various metal alloys, silicon carbide SiC is used
in grinding and polishing of metals.
Sulfur C is very small in cast iron and steel.
Carbon S diamond, graphite is found in coal.
The properties of steel and cast iron depend on the amount and state of carbon. (Free,
i.e. in the
form of graphite, mixed with iron , in the form of cementite)
Phosphorus R combines rapidly with many metals and is present in all carbon 1
compounds of iron. Phosphorus and sulfur are harmful elements in steel.
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