LECTURE – 2. ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BOUNDING.
2.1. Atomic structure & subatomic particles.
2.2.
Atomic numbers, mass numbers & atomic masses.
2.3. The electronic structure of atoms.
2.4. Periodic
variations in atomic size, ionization energy & electron
Affinity.
2.5. Primary bonds.
2.6. Secondary bonds.
Keywords :
positive ions ; aggregate state ; solid state ; gas state ; liquid state ; ion
(heteropolar) ; atom (homeopolar or covalent), molecular bond ; point defects ; _
linear defects ; surface (surface) defects ; amorphous ; crystalline state ;
All liquid substances lose their ability to flow when cooled and become solid.
This transition is different for different substances . There are two types of hardening.
1. Crystallization of substances.
When a liquid substance is cooled to a certain
temperature, small crystals
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