Grammarway 1 kitobining o’zbekcha

Umumiy qobilyatni ifodalashda

I can swim. I can speak English.

2. 
   Biror insondan o‘zimiz uchun biror narsa qilib berishini
   

so‘raganimizda
Can you open the door, please.

3. 
   Biror narsa so‘raganimizda
   

Can I have some coffee, please

4. 
   Biror narsa qilishga ruxsat so‘raganimizda. Can I use your phone, please.
   

Yasalishi.
Bo‘lishli shakli.


I can speak English. She can run fast.


Bo‘lishsiz shakl.


I cannot speak English. She can’t run fast


Umumiy so‘roq shakli.


Can I speak English? Yes, I can Can she run fast? No, she can’t

Affirma- tive-Bo‘lishli	Inkor shakl		Umumiy savol shakli
	Kengaytma shakl Qisqartma shakl
I can swim	I cannot swim	I can’t swim	Can I swim?
You can swim	You cannot speak	You can’t swim	Can you swim?
He can swim	He cannot speak	He can’t swim	Can he swim?
She can swim	She cannot speak	She can’t swim	Can she swim?
It can swim	It cannot speak	It can’t swim	Can it swim?
We can swim You can swim	We cannot swim You cannot swim	We can’t swim You can’t swim	Can we swim? Can you swim?
They can swim	They cannot swim	They can’t swim	Can they swim?

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Possessive case- qaratqich kelishigi ‘s-ning ni ishlatilishi.
Biz ‘s ni insonlar va hayvonlarga tegishli bo‘lgan narsalarni ifodalaganimizda ishlatamiz.

Masalan,

Tom’s car-Tomning mashinasi
baby’s toy-chaqaloqning o‘yinchog‘i.

Lekin, oxirgi harfi -s qo‘shimchasi bilan tugaydigan ko‘plikdagi otlarga ‘ ning o‘zi qo‘yiladi.

Masalan

Boys’ toys – og‘il bolalarning o‘yinchoqlari ‘ = ning
Pupils’ bikes – o‘quvchilarning velosipedlari ‘ = ning


Lekin otlarning ko‘plik shakli s harfiga tugamasa ularga ‘s qo‘shiladi.

Masalan

Men’s cars –kishilarning mashinalari ‘s=ning
Children’s balls – bolalarning koptoklari ‘s=ning


Agar bitta narsa ikki kishiga tegishli ekanini ifodalasak ik- kinchi ot ga ‘s qo‘shiladi.

Masalan

Tom and Anna’s house=Tom va Anna ning uyi (uy bitta va uTom va Anna ga tegishli)
Agar har bir insonning o‘zini alohida narsasi bor ekanligi-
ni ifodalasak, har bir ismga ‘s qo‘shiladi.

Tom’s and Anna’s houses=Tomning va Annaning uylari

( Tomning alohida va Anna ning alohida uyi bor)
Bundan tashqari do‘kon yoki uyni nazarda tutganimizda
ham ‘s dan foydalanamiz.

Masalan

They are at Tom’s=They are at Tom’s house
Ular Tomlarnikida=Ular Tomning uyida

He is at the Baker’s=He is at the baker’s shop

U nonvoyxonada=U non do‘konida
Qoida! Agar biror jism boshqa bir jonsiz narsaga tegishli ekanini ifodalamoqchi bo‘lsak ‘s o‘rniga of = ning predlogidan foydalanamiz. Bunda aniqlovchi aniqlanmishdan keyin keladi.
Legs of the table = Stolning oyoqlari Door of the room = Xonaning eshigi. Whose = kimning/kimniki?
Whose pen is it? U kimning ruchkasi?
It is my pen. U mening ruchkam.


24

1. 
   my Men-mening mine-meniki You-your Siz-sizning yours-sizniki He-his U-uning (o‘g‘) his-uniki
   

She-her U-uning (qiz) hers-uniki
It-its U-uning (nar,hay) -/its-uniki
We-our Biz-bizning ours-bizniki You-your Sizlar-sizlarning yours-sizlarniki They-their Ular-ularning theirs-ularniki

1. 
   - QOIDA!
   

Mening, sizning kabi so‘zlardan keyin albatta ot so‘z tur- kumidagi so‘z kelishi shart.
Masalan
This is my pen. Bu mening ruchkam. They are his books. Ular uning kitoblari. They are his. Ular uniki.

2. 
   - QOIDA!
   

Egalik olmoshlarining mustaqil shakllari bolgan mine, yours kabilardan keyin hech qanday so‘z kelmaydi. Odatda ular gapning boshida va oxirida keladi.
Masalan
This pen is mine. Bu ruchka
meniki.
That is yours. Anavi sizniki.
These balls are mine. Yours are there.
Bu koptoklar meniki. Sizniki ana u yerda







S+tobe(am, is, are)+V1+ing

Yasalishi. Bo‘lishli shakli.

I am doing my homework now.

She is working in a hospital.

Inkor shakli

Men hozir uy vazifamni ba
jaryapman.
U(qiz) shifoxonada ishlayapti.

I am not doing my homework
now.
She is working in a hospital.

Umumiy so‘roq shakli.

Men hozir uy vazifamni bajar-
mayapman.
U(qiz) shifoxonada ishlamayapti.

1. 
   Am I doing my homework
   

now?
Yes, I am No, I am not

2. 
   Is she working in a hospital?
   

Yes, I am No, I am not
-ing qo‘shish qoidasi
work-working, go-going write-writing, take-taking
Men uy vazifamni bajaryap-
manmi?
Ha
Yo‘q
U(qiz) shifoxonada ishlayaptimi? Ha
Yo‘q
put-putting, cut-cutting lie-lying, die-dying

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Hozirgi davomli zamon quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi.

1. 
   Hozirda bo‘layotgan ish-harakatga
   

Ted is drinking coffee at the moment-Ted ayni damda kofe ichyapti.

2. 
   Hozirgi vaqt atrofida bo‘layotgan ish-harakatga
   

I am building a house nowadays-Men shu kunlarda uy
quryapman.

3. 
   Quyidagi signal so‘zlar bilan
   

Look!-Qarang! Look! Dad is coming home. Qarang!
Dadam uyga kelyapti.
Listen!-Eshiting! Listen! Somebody is crying. Eshiting!
Kimdir yig‘layapti.
Now-hozir
At the moment-ayni paytda, shu lahzada
Today-bugun
At present-hozirda Nowadays/these days-shu kunlarda

Kishilik olmoshlarining ( men, sen…) tushum (-ni) va jo‘nal- ish(-ga) kelishigidagi shakli bu obyekt olmoshlari hisoblanadi.

Obyekt olmoshlari to‘ldiruvchi vazifasida kelib gapda fe’l
kesimdan keyin keladi.

Masalan

I am speaking to you. Men sizga gapiryapman.
Listen to me. Menga quloq soling.

Kishilik olmoshlari esa ega vazifasida kelib odatda gap- ning boshida keladi.

Masalan. They are teachers. Look at them.

Kishilik olmoshi Obyekt olmoshi
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1-qoida!
Ingliz tilida bo‘lishli buyruq gap tuzish uchun infinitive ning to yuklamasini tushirib qoldirish kifoya.
Masalan
To go- Bormoq To listen-Listen! Go!-Bor! Tinglamoq-Tingla! 2-qoida!
Bo‘lishsiz buyruq gap tuzish uchun bo‘lishli buyruq gap oldiga Do not=Don’t ni qo‘yish kifoya.

Masalan

Go-Don’t go
Bor!-Borma!
Listen to me-Don’t listen to me! Menga quloq sol!-Menga quloq solma! Play tennis-Don’t play tennis!
Tennis o‘yna-Tennis o‘ynama!

3-qoida!

Agar ism yoki iltimos/marhamat so‘zlari ishlatilsa, ular buyruq gapdan oldin yoki undan keyin vergul bilan ajratilib yoziladi.
Masalan
Tom, come here!-Tom, bu yoqqa kel! Come here, Tom!- Bu yoqqa kel, Tom! Come in, please! or Please, come in!
Ichkariga kiring, marhamat-Marhamat, ichkariga kiring!
Buyruq gapning odatda biror odamga buyruq berishda, ko‘rsatma berishda, biror narsani taklif qilishda, biror narsa qil- ishni iltimos qilganimizda/so‘raganimizda ishlatamiz.

Masalan

1. Shovqinni to‘xtating	Stop that noise!	Buyruq
2. Bu qog‘ozni ikkiga bo‘ling.	Cut the paper into two pieces.	Ko‘rsatma
3. To‘rtdan ozgina oling	Have some cake.	Taklif
4. Iltimos, jim bo‘ling!	Please, be quiet!	iltimos

Taklif gap.

Yasalishi – Let’s+V1
Let us=Let’s Keling…..miz
Let’s play football. Keling futbol o‘ynaymiz
Let’s do our homework togather. Keling uy vazifamizni birga bajaramiz.


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There is yoki there are -- …bor, u yerda bor degan ma’nolarini bildirib o‘zbek tilida qayerda? so‘rog‘iga javob bo‘lib kelgan so‘z bilan boshlanadigan barcha gaplarning boshida keladi.

Masalan

There is a book – U yerda bitta kitob bor.


There are pupils at school.—Maktabda o‘quvchilar bor.
There dan keyin birlikdagi ot, there are dan keyin ko‘plik-
dagi ot keladi.
Bo‘lishli shakl.
There is a teacher in the room. Xonada bitta o‘qituvchi bor. There are teachers in the room. Xonada o‘qituvchilar bor.

Umumiy so‘roq shakli

Is there a teacher in the room? Xonada bitta o‘qituvchi bormi? Yes, there is / No, there is not Ha / Yo‘q
Are there teachers in the room? Xonada o‘qituvchilar bormi? Yes, there are / No, there are not Ha / Yo‘q


Bo‘lishsiz shakl
There is not a teacher in the room. Xonada bitta o‘qituvchi yo‘q. There are not teachers in the room. Xonada o‘qituvchilar yo‘q.