Grammarway 1 kitobining o’zbekcha

«Shundaymi» deb tarjima qilinadi.



Agar berilgan gap bo‘lishli bo‘lsa tasdiq so‘roq bo‘lishsiz bo‘ladi; gap bo‘lishsiz bo‘lsa tasdiq so‘roq gap bo‘lishli bo‘ladi. Tasdiq so‘roq berilgan gapning oxirida keladi va undan oldin vergul qo‘yiladi.

He speaks English, doesn’t he?

He doesn’t speak English, does he?

U inglizcha gapiradi, shunday emasmi?
U inglizcha gapirmaydi, shun- daymi?

He can fly a plane, can’t he?
Tom didn’t come home, did he?
She was at home, wasn’t she?
You will not go now, will you?

Agar berilgan gap ichida inkor ma’no beruvchi never(hech qachon), hardly(zo‘rg‘a), seldom/rarely(kamdan-kam) kabi so‘zlar bo‘lsa tasdiq so‘roq gap doim bo‘lishli bo‘ladi.

She never eats pizza, does she? Ted hardly got excellent mark, did he?
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Qolgan hollarda tasdiq so‘roq quyidagicha yasaladi:

I am – aren’t I	I am good, aren’t I?
Bo‘lishli buyruq gap- will/ won’t you	Tidy your room, will/won’t you?
Let’s- shall we	Le’ts play football, shall we?
Bo‘lishsiz buyruq gap/Don’t – will you	Don’t talk too much, will you?
I have (egalik/yordamchi fe’l) – Haven’t I	I have got a car/ I have bought, haven’t I?
I have – Don’t I?	I have a car, don’t I?
Thereis/are-isn’t/aren’t there?	There is a bag, isn’t there?
This/that is-isn’t it?	That/This is a bike, isn’t it
These/those are-aren’t they?	These/those are bikes, aren’t they?

Modal fe’llar-yordamchi fe’llar hisoblanib, ular gapda aso- siy fe’l(fe’l kesim) dan oldin keladi. Modal fe’llardan keyin in- finitive(to do) to yuklamasiz keladi. Masalan, I can speak. Not can speaking/to speak


Can-qila olmoq. Ishlatilishi:

1. 
   Hozirgi zamondagi umumiy qobilyatni ifodalashda My friend can run fast. I can swim well.
   
2. 
   Biror kishidan o‘zimiz uchun biror narsa qilishni so‘ragani- mizda
   

Can you turn off the radio, please?

3. 
   Ruxsat so‘rashda
   

Can I play after school, Dad?
Could can ning o‘tgan zamon shakli hisoblanib, o‘tmishdagi
qobilyatni ifodalaydi.
When I was young I could carry heavy things.


Could ishtirokidagi gaplarning yasalishi quyidagicha
Bo‘lishli shakli
I could run fast.


Bo‘lishsiz shakl
I could not run fast.
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Umumiy so‘roq shakli


Could I run fast? Yes, I could.
No, I couldn’t


May-mumkin degan ma’noni bildiradi. May va Can modal fe’llarining savol gaplardagi asosiy farqi shuki, may ko‘proq rasmiy, can esa norasmiy holatlarda ishlatiladi.
May I talk to you, Sir?
Can I go out with my friends, Mum?






Must-kerak, shart kabi ma’nolarni bildirib biror inson bi-
ror ishni qilish kerakligini ifodalaydi.
I must finish my work today. Men ishimni bugun tugatishim kerak.
Must’nt-kerak emas ma’nosini ifodalab, taqiqlangan yoki
bajarish to‘g‘ri bo‘lmagan ish-harakatga ishlatiladi.
He mustn’t smoke. U chekmasligi kerak.

Must modal fe’li ishtirokidagi gaplarning yasalishi:

Bo‘lishli shakli
He must come.


Bo‘lishsiz shakl
He must not come.


Umumiy so‘roq shakli
Must he come?

Must bilan beriladigan umumiy savolga inkor javob ber- ilsa needn’t (shartmas) bilan, ijobiy javobda esa must ning o‘zi bilan javob beriladi. Bu kabi savol bergan inson ushbu ish-harakatni qilishga moyilligi yo‘q ekani bilinib turadi.

Masalan
Must I finish this work today? - Shu ishni bugun tugatishim shartmi?
Yes, you must – Ha, shart
No, you needn’t-Yo‘q, shart emas. (Hojati yo‘q)


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Must quyidagi hollarda ishlatiladi:

1.