I. M. Mustafayev O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi Botanika instituti katta

VIII bob. AYIRISH (ekskretsiya)
8.1 
Ayirish ............................................................................................................................................................ 115
8.2 
Odam va hayvonlarning ayirishi .......................................................................................................... 117
8.3 
Amaliy mashg‘ulot. Odamning ayirish organlarini modellashtirish .................................... 120
IX bob. HARAKATLANISH
9.1 
Tirik organizmlarning harakatlanishi .............................................................................................. 122
9.2 
Loyiha ishi. O‘simliklarda fototropizm, fotonastiya, geotropizm 
hodisalarini kuzatish ................................................................................................................................ 125
9.3 
Umurtqasizlarning harakatlanish organlari
................................................................................... 128
9.4 
Laboratoriya mashg‘uloti. Tufelka infuzoriyasining harakatlanishini kuzatish ............. 131 
9.5 
Umurtqalilarning tayanch-harakat organlari
................................................................................ 132
9.6 
Amaliy mashg‘ulot. Umurtqali hayvonlarning tayanch-harakat sistemasini 
modellashtirish ............................................................................................................................................ 137
X bob. REPRODUKSIYA, O‘SISH VA RIVOJLANISH
10.1 Organizmlarning ko‘payishi ..................................................................................................................139 
10.2 Loyiha ishi. O‘simliklarning vegetativ ko‘payishini o‘rganish ................................................143
10.3 O‘simliklarning individual rivojlanishi .............................................................................................145
10.4 Amaliy mashg‘ulot. Urug‘li o‘simliklarning hayot siklini o‘rganish .....................................149 
10.5 Hayvonlarning ko‘payishi .....................................................................................................................150
10.6 Hayvonlarning individual rivojlanishi ..............................................................................................154
10.7 Amaliy mashg‘ulot. Hayvonlarning to‘g‘ri va noto‘g‘ri rivojlanishini 
qiyosiy tahlil asosida o‘rganish
............................................................................................................157