Jude the Obscure (Oxford World's Classics)
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PART THIRD ‘For there was no other girl . . . like her!’: the quotation from Sappho refers to Sue, who in the event proves hostile to marriage and physical love. lived carelessly with his wife: ‘Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity’ (Ecclesiastes :). Melchester: Salisbury. his exemplar : Christ. See note to p. above. Contrast Phillotson as Christ pp. and (note). the most graceful architectural pile in England: Salisbury Cathedral. O I have tried not to! (, also): in MS Sue is more emphatic about despising him: ‘O no no!’ See note to p. above. she had hardly expected him to kiss her ( , also): in MS Sue comes forward ‘so impulsively that Jude felt sure a moment later that she had half unconsciously expected him to kiss her’; evidence of her spontaneity in the original version. subdued to what he works in . . . : Shakespeare, Sonnets . The sonnet does not regard the subduing with Sue’s approval. Jude had a conviction . . . shape of words (, also): this belief that his drunken visit caused her engagement is not found in MS. Explanatory Notes Paley and Butler: William Paley’s Evidences of Christianity () and Joseph Butler’s The Analogy of Religion ( ), orthodox defences of Christianity, the latter particularly arguing that in a future life the injustices of the present world will be remedied. Wardour Castle . . . Fonthill: Wardour Castle, Wiltshire, was designed by James Paine, and built –; Fonthill: Fonthill Abbey (also in Wiltshire) was built in mock-Gothic for William Beckford in –. Del Sarto . . . Carlo Dolci: sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Italian painters. Lely or Reynolds: Sir Peter Lely (–), court painter to Charles II, and Sir Joshua Reynolds ( –) painted portraits and other secular subjects, here contrasted with the religious paintings of the Italians that Jude admires. Ishmaelite: outcast (Genesis : –). Training-School: both Hardy’s sisters and his cousin Tryphena Sparks attended teacher training colleges of this sort. marine deity: the frieze was, of course, in the British Museum; another reference associating Sue with the pagan, rather than the Christian, tradition in the early part of the novel. regarding her: after these words MS deletes ‘and saw in her as it were the rough material called himself done into another sex––idealized, softened, and puri fied.’ This is never restored since it pushes to extremes their ‘two-in-oneness’ (see note to p. below) and the incestuous suggestion of p. . Lemprière . . . Shakespeare: the list of authors includes many satirists; all also include passages which might be thought of as indecent. Lemprière: John Lemprière ( –), author of a popular classical dictionary; Scarron : Paul Scarron ( –), a writer of French burlesques; De Brantôme : Pièrre de Bourdeilles (? –), French chronicler. “twitched the robe . . . fancy draped”: Browning, in ‘Too Late’, refers to a dead love who married another man; other quotations from Browning occur on pp. , , , . “O ghastly glories . . . gibbeted Gods!” (, also): Swinburne’s ‘Hymn to Proserpine’, MS adds: ‘Though all men abase them before you in spirit, and all knees bend, | I kneel not neither adore you, but, standing, look to the end.’ She looked up trustfully: in MS she only looks at him ‘caressingly and trustfully’. inserts ‘and her voice seemed trying to nestle in his breast,’ as here. See note to p. above. Ganymedes ( , also): cupbearer of the gods. MS has the more direct ‘Cupid’. dew-bit: morning snack. It did just occur to me (, also): MS has ‘It never occurred to me . . . ’. Explanatory Notes Everything is my fault always! ( , also): MS adds ‘The sense that sex was dividing them caused them to regard each other with a mutual distress.’ I admit . . . avail myself of it ( , also): Jude’s confession of dissembling towards Sue is not in MS. There he only says ‘I was quite aware that you did not suspect till within the last meeting or two what I was feeling about you.’ See note to p. above. Roman-Britannic antiquities: Hardy himself was keenly interested in these. In he read a paper on ‘Some Romano-British Relics Found at Max Gate Dorchester’ to the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club (text in H. Orel, Thomas Hardy’s Personal Writings (London: Macmillan, ), –). National schoolmaster : National schools were Anglican, as opposed to British schools which were Nonconformist in orientation. acquired a corpse-like sharpness: added in . because I meant to––love you: this is weakened from a disclaimer ‘that I love you’ in and . Neither reading is in MS. Venus Urania: the heavenly Aphrodite, goddess of spiritual or intellectual not sexual love. others of her age and sex: MS deletes: ‘And they tried to persuade them- selves that what had happened was of no consequence, and that they could soon be cousins and friends and warm correspondents . . .’ even if my father were friendly enough: this implies that he is still alive. Cf. pp. , , . ‘. . . I can find no way . . . your womanhood’: from Browning, ‘The Worst of It’. See also pp. , , , . in the delicate voice of an epicure in emotions : this developed in from MS ‘in a re flective and tender voice’. See note to p. above. It is a characteristic of the ‘New Woman’ to seek new feelings. Gwen Waring in The Yellow Aster ( ) says ‘I like new sensation. I am curious . . .’ and makes a disastrous marriage. old-Midsummer eves: June, Midsummer day. ‘The Wife’s Guide to Conduct’: reference to a type of book advising women on their duties as wives, daughters, and mothers. Typical examples by Sarah Stickney Ellis were The Wives of England: Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits ( ), The Mothers of England: Their In fluence and Responsibility (), and The Daughters of England: Their Position in Society, Character and Responsibilities ( ). Sebastiano’s Lazarus: Hardy had seen this picture, painted by Sebastiano del Piombo ( –), in the National Gallery, London. ‘insulted Nature sometimes vindicated her rights’: from Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire , chapter . Explanatory Notes |