69
KAYNAKLAR
1. Kayhan Z. Klinik Anestezi. 3. baskı, Istanbul: Logos yayıncılık, 2004; 267, 77
2. Morgan E. Klinik Anesteziyoloji 3. Baskı Güneş Kitapevleri Ltd 2004; 253-80.
3. Rawal N, Holmstrom B. The combined spinal-epidural technique. Best Pract Res
Clin Anaesthesiol. 2003;17(3):347-64. Review.
4. Erdine S : Rejyonel Anestezi Nobel Tıp kitapevleri Ltd 2005; 185-91
5. Hodgson E. Combined spinal/epidural anesthesia. Middle East J Anesthesiol.
2003;17(1):103-12. Review.
6. King HK, Huntington C, Louis-Jacques M. Combined epidural – spinal - general
anesthesia. Reg Anesth. 1995; 20(6): 548.
7. T.M.Cook Combined epidural-spinal techniques Review Article Anaesthesia,
2000; 55-64.
8. Kalso E. Effects of intrathecal morphine, injected with bupivacaine on pain after
orthopaedic surgery. Br J Anaesth 1983; 55: 415-22.
9. Dahlgreen G, Hulstrand C, Jakobsson J, et all: Intrathecal sufantanil, fentanyl or
placebo added to bupivacaine for caesarian section. Anesth Analg 1997; 85: 1288-
93.
10. Leighton BL, Arkoosh VA, Huffnagle S, Huffnagle HJ, Kinsella SM, Norris
MC. The dermatomal spread of epidural bupivacaine with and without prior
inthrathecal sufentanil. Anesth Analg 1996; 83: 526-29.
11. Maves TJ, Gebhart GF: Antinociceptive synergy between intrathecal morphine
and lidocaine during visceral and somatic nociception in rat. Anesthesiology 1992;
76: 91-99.
12. Frase HM, Chapman V, Dickenson AH: Spinal local anaesthetic actions on
afferent evoked potentials and wind-up of nociceptive neurones in the rat spinal
cord: Combination with morphine produces marked potentiation of nociception.
Pain 1992; 49: 33-41.
13. Chaney MA: Side effects of intrathecal and epidural opioids. Can J Anaesth 1995;
42: 891-903.
14. Liu S, Chiu AA, Carpenter RL et all: Fentanyl prolongs lidocaine spinal
anesthesia without prolonging recovery. Anesth Analg 1995; 80: 730-34.
15. Vaghadi H, Mcleod DH, Mitchell GWE et all: Small-dose hypobaric lidocaine-
fentanyl spinal anestesia for short duration outpatient laparoscopy. II. Optimal
fentanyl dose. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 65-70.
16. Erdine S. Peridural Anestezi, Sinir Blokları. İstanbul: Emre matbaacılık; 1993,
178-209.
17. Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK. Handbook of Clinical Anesthesia. (Çeviri
ed.) Elar Z, Karcı A, Öztekin S. Epidural ve Spinal Anestezi, Klinik Anestezi El
Kitabı. 3.baskı. İstanbul: Logos Yayıncılık; 1997; 239.
70
18. Katz J. Atlas of Regional Anesthesia. Spinal and Epidural anatomy. A publish
division of Prentice- Hall United States of America 1985; 425-89
19. Prof Dr. Orhan Kuran ; Normal Anatomi, 1986; 235-46.
20. Soresi AL. Episubdural anesthesia. Anesth analg 1937; 16: 306-10
21. Curelaru I. Long duration subarachnoid analgesia with continuous epidural
blocks. Prakt Anaesth 1979;14: 71-8
22. Coates MB. Combined subarachnoid and epidural techniques. Anaesthesia 1982;
37: 89–90
23. Eldor J, Brodsky V : Danger of metallic particles in the spinal epidural spaces
using the needle-through-needle approach (letter ). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1991;
35 :461-3.
24. Suzuki N, Koganemaru M, Onizuka S, et al. Dural puncture with a 26-gauge
spinal needle affects spread of epidural anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1996; 82: 1040-2.
25. Grene NM. Physiology of spinal Anesthesia 4th editons Williams- Wilkins, 1993;
123-45.
26. Bridenbauugh P.O, Grene N.M, Brull S.J. : Spinal (Subarachnoid) Neural
Blockade. Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and management of pain M.J
.Cousine, P.O Bridenbaugh (Eds) 3rd edition. Lippincott Raven.1998; 203-41.
27. Tahtaci N, Neyal Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia in elderly patients. Int
J Clin Pract. 2002; 56(9): 655-8.
28. Leeda M, Stienstra R, Arbous MS, Dahan A, Th Veering B, Burm AG, Van
Dostları ilə paylaş: