4 .3 -ja d v a l
V O D O R O D I S H L A B C H I Q A R I S H U C H U N Y A R O Q L I
U G L E V O D O R O D L I G A Z L A R
U glevodorodli gazlar tarkibi, (x) %
T /r
U glevod orod li
gazlar
m etan va
uning go -
m ologlari
O lcfin -
lar
H2
CO
C 0
2
n
2
1
.
T abiiy
9 5 - 9 8
0 - 0 , 0 4
—
—
0
,
1
-
2 , 0
1 - 4
2
.
N eftn i qazib
olish yo'ld osh
gazlari
5 4 - 6 5
2 2 - 3 2
—
—
—
1 2 - 1 3
3.
M azutni gazlash-
tirishdan s o ‘ng
hosil b o ‘lgan
gazlar
0
K
>
1
о
U
»
—
4 3 - 4 7
3 7 - 4 6
3 - 1 3
0
N
J
1
О
4.
K oks gazlari
2 4 - 2 8
1 , 5 - 3
5 5 - 6 2
5 - 8
2 - 3
3 - 5
5.
M ctanni p iroliz-
lash va undan
asetilenni ajratib
olingandan k e
yingi sin tez-g a z
5 - 8
—
5 5 - 6 3
2 7 - 3 0
3 - 5
1 , 5 - 2
0 ‘z b e k i s t o n R e s p u b l i k as i d a h a m M ar k a z i y O s i y o d a e n g yirik t a
biiy g az k o n l a r i d a n G a zl i , oxirgi yil larda esa S h o ‘r t an gaz konl ari
t o p i l g a n . 4 . 4 - j a d v a l d a G a z l i k o n i d a n o l i n a y o t g a n t a b i i y g a z l a r
o ‘r t a c h a t ar ki bi ber ilgan.
135
4 .4 - ja d v a l
G A Z L I K O N I D A N O L I N A Y O T G A N T A B I I Y G A Z N I N G 0 ‘R T A C H A
T A R K I B I , ( h ) % d a
K om ponentlar
C H
4
С2Нб
с 3н 8
Q H
kj
C
5
H
12
va undan
yuqori •
C 0 2, N 2, H 2S
va boshqalar
95,6
2,1
0,3
0 , 2
0 , 2
1,6
S h u n i a l o h i d a t a ’k i d l a m o q ker akki , h a r b i r t abiiy g az t a r k i b i da
0 , 5 % d a n ( m a s a l a n , S t a v r o p o l g a z k o n i ) 6 0 % g a c h a ( m a s a l a n ,
Rossiya F e d e r a t s i y a s i n i n g As t r a x a n t abiiy g a z k o ni ) ol t i ng u g ur tl i
bi ri kma l ar : v o d o r o d sulfidi, ol t i ng u gu r tl i o r g a n i k b i r i k m a l a r boMishi
m u m k i n . Bu esa yaxshi t e x n o l o g i k o m i l e m a s , c h u n k i o l t i n g ug ur t
va u n i n g b i r i k m al a r i u g l e v o d o ro d l i ga z la rn i u z o q m a s o fa l a r g a u g l e
rodl i p o ‘ lat q u v u r l a r d a y u b o r i s h d a b u q u v u r l a r n i k o r r o z i y a l a b ,
ch ir i tadi ; b u n d a n t as hq ar i e n g asosiy — u gl ev o do r o d l i ga z la rn i k o n -
ver siyalab v o d o r o d olish h a m d a bu v o d o r o d n i a z o t g a q o ‘sh i b s i n t e
tik a m m i a k olish j a r a y o n l a r i d a i shl at il adiga n k a t al i za to r l ar ni z a h a r -
lab, bu j a r a y o n l a r n i b or i shi ni u m u m a n t o ‘x t at ib h a m q o ‘yishi m u m
kin. S h u n i n g u c h u n h a m , bu t abiiy g a z l a r t a r ki bi da o l t ingugur tl i
b i r i k m a l a r m i q d o r i q a n c h a l i k k a m b o ‘lsa, s h u n c h a l i k yaxshidir.
Y u q o r i d a k o ' r s a t i b o ‘ti!gan G a z l i va S h o ‘r t a n g a z k o n l a r i d a n
hozirgi d a v r d a o l i n a yo t ga n t abiiy ga z la r t a r k i b i d a ol t ingugur tl i b i ri k
m a l a r ( H 2S ga n i s b a t a n h i s o b l a n g a n d a ) m i q d o r i 7 —9 ( h ) % a t r o f id a
b o ‘lib, u l a r d a n tabiiy gazni s a n o a t mi qyosida t o za l a s h n in g bir q a n c h a
usullari ( u l a r q u y i d a keltirilgan) yaxshi o ‘zl asht ir i lgan.
Ho zi rg i d a v r d a 0 ‘z b e k i st o n Re s pu b l i ka s i d a g i s a n o a t m i q y o s i d a
t oz a v o d o r o d va u n i n g as os id a b i r q a t o r b o g ‘l a n g a n az ot b ir i kmal ar i
ishlab c h i q a r a d i g a n yirik, z a m o n a v i y t e x n o l og i ya l a r g a ega b o ‘lgan
C h i r c h i q « E l e k t r o k i m y o s a n o a t » , N a v o i y «Azot» va F a r g ‘o n a «Azot»
kabi O c h i q t urdagi Aksi yador l i k J am i y a t l ar i t abiiy gaz ga o ' t ka z il ga n.
U g l e v o d o r o d l i g a z l a r d a n t a r k i b t o p g a n x o m a s h y o l a r s i n t e t i k
a m m i a k ishl ab c h i q a r i s h u c h u n z a r u r b o T g a n a z o t - v o d o r o d a r a l as h-
ma s ini hosil q il is hda n i s b a t a n o s o n q a y t a i shl ani shi m u m k i n ; bu
esa ka t t a b i r l a m c h i q uvvat ga ega b o ‘lgan y u q o r i a v t o m at l a s ht i r i l g a n
e n e r g o t e x n o l o g i k t i z i m l a r q o ‘ll an ga n z a m o n a v i y gi gant q u r i l m a l a r
y ar a t i sh g a k eng y o ‘l o c h a d i .
B u n d a y yirik k o r x o n a l a r n i tashkil t opi shi ni sbi y kapi tal m a b l a g ‘-
l ar ni va x o m a s h y o l a r s a r f i a n i s h i k o e f f i t s i e n t l a r i n i k a m a y i s h i g a ,
q u r i l m a l a r d a i shlovchi x o d i m l a r s o n i n i k a m a y t i r i s h g a h a m d a ishlab
c hi qa r i l a y ot ga n v o d o r o d va si nt et ik a m m i a k l a r t a n n a r x i n i a r zo n l a s h -
tirishga o l ib keladi.
136
4. 5. U G L E V O D O R O D L I G A Z L AR N I K O N V E R S I Y A L A S H N I N G
NAZARI Y A S O S L A R I
Y u q o r i d a t a ’ki dl ab o ‘t il ga n id e k , s a n o a t m i q y o s i d a v o d o r o d i s h
lab c h i q a r i s h u c h u n asosiy x o m a s h y o hozirgi d a v r d a tabiiy g az hisob-
langanligi tufayli quyidagi tabiiy g a z n in g asosiy k o m p o n e n t i b o ‘lmish
m e t a n va u n i n g g o m o l o g l a r i — e t a n va b o s h q a t o ‘y i ng an u g l e v o d o -
r o d l a r n i suv b u g ‘i, t o z a ki sl or od va h a v o t ark i bi da g i kislorod h a m d a
u gl e r o d di oksi di b il an oksi dl ab v o d o r o d ishlab c h i q a r i s h n i n g naz ari y
asoslari k o ‘rib chi qi ladi .
O l t i n g u g u r t l i b i r i k m a l a r d a n t o z a l a n g a n t abii y gaz va u n i n g k o m -
p o n e n t l a r i b il an y u q o r i d a k o ‘rsatilgan oksi dl ovchi m o d d a l a r o ‘rtasida
qu yi da gi k i m y o v i y reaksi yal ar bor i shi m u m k i n :
C H 4 + H 20 = C 0 + 3 H 2 - 206, 41 kJ
(4.11)
C H 4 + C 0 2 = 2 C O + 2 H 2 - 2 48 , 2 8 kJ
(4. 12)
C H 4 + 0 , 5 O 2 = C O + 2 H 2 + 3 5 , 6 5 kJ
(4.13)
C O + H 20 = C 0 2 + H 2 + 41 , 0 3 kJ
(4.14)
T a b i i y g a z t ar ki bi dagi m e t a n n i n g g o m o l o g l a r i n i oksi dl ash a s os an
y u q o ri d ag i 4 . 1 2 —4. 14 r eaksiyalariga o ‘x s ha s hd i r . O k si dl ov ch i sifa
t i da suv q o ‘l l a n g a n t a q d i r d a q u y i d a g i c h a u m u m i y ki myovi y r e a ks i
yani y oz i sh m u m k i n :
C nH 2n + 2 + n H 20 = (2n + 1 ) H 2 + n C O - Q 6,
(4.15)
bu ye r da : n — m e t a n g o m o l o g l a r i t ar ki bi dagi u g l e v o d o r o d a t o m i
so ni di r.
H a r b i r k i m yo v i y re aksi yaga n a z a ri y j i h a t d a n b a h o ber is h u c h u n
a v v a l a m b o r sh u r e aks iyani ng asosiy bir q a t o r xar akteristikasi m a ’l um
b o ‘l m o g ‘i l o z i m , y a ’ni b u reaksiya g o m o g e n m i yoki g e t e r o g e n m i ;
e k z o t e r m i k m i yoki e n d o t e r m i k m i ; a m a l i y q a y t a r m i yoki q a y t m a s -
m i ; r e a k s i y a h a j m i t o r a y i s h yoki k e n g a y is h b i l a n k e t y a p t i m i va
h ok a z o .
Bu n u q t a y i n a z a r d a n y u q o r i d a b a y o n et ilgan re ak s iy al ar n i ng b a r -
c h a si g o m o g e n d i r , y a ’ni u l ar gaz fazasi da a m a l g a oshi ri ladi ; (4.11),
(4. 12) va (4. 15) reaksi yal ar e n d o t e r m i k , y a ’ni t a s h q a r i d a n issiqlik
yu ti s h b i l a n , ( 4. 13), (4. 14) reaksi yal ar esa e k z o t e r m i k , y a ’ni issiqlik
c h i q i s h i b i l a n b o r a d i ; (4. 1 1 ), ( 4 . 1 2 ) , ( 4 . 1 4 ) v a ( 4 . 1 5 ) k i m y o vi y
reaksi yal ar a m a l i y q a y t a r , (4. 11), (4. 12), (4. 13) va (4.15) r eaksiyalar
h aj m k e n ga yi s h bilan ( y a ’ni, m o s ra vishda 2 h a j m d a n 4 h a j m g a c h a ,
137
1,5 h a j m d a n 3 h a j m g a c h a , ( n = 1) d a 2 h a j m d a n 4 h a j m g a c h a k e n -
gayib) b o r a d i ; 4. 14 reaksiyasi esa h a j m o ' z g a r i s h i s i z b o r a d i , y a ’ni 2
h a j m d a n 2 h a j m hosil b o ‘lyapti.
H a r b ir a ma l i y q ay ta r reaksiya u c h u n m u v o z a n a t d a g i hosil b o ‘luv-
c hi m o d d a l a r k on s en t ra t s i y a l a r i k o ‘p a y t m a s i n i r e aks iyaga ki ri shuv-
chi m o d d a l a r konsent ra tsi ya la ri k o ‘p a y t m a s i g a nisbat i m a v j ud b o ‘lib,
h a r q a n d a y t e m p e r a t u r a u c h u n o ‘z g a r m as d ir . N a z a r i y o t d a b u ni sbat
h a r bir r e a k s i y an i n g m u v o z a n a t d oi mi ys i d e b a t a l i b , y u qo r i d ag i r e
a k s i y a l a r u c h u n q u y i d a g i t e n g l a m a b o ‘y i c h a a n i q l a n a d i , ( 4 . 1 1 )
reaksiyasi u c h u n :
v
_ ^CO
X
PH
2
" p
( 4 . 1 6 )
Ра ц
Dostları ilə paylaş: |