1.4. TUZLARNI AJRATISH
M in era l o ‘g ‘itlar texnologiyasida q attiq tu z la r ara la sh m a sid a n yoki
ularning eritm asidan kerakli tuzlarni ajratib olish jarayoni k o ‘p uchraydi.
T u z a r a l a s h m a l a r in i a jra tis h y u q o r id a k o ‘rs a tilg a n id e k iz o te r m ik
va p o l i t e r m i k
k r is ta lla s h , k im y o v iy usul b ila n c h o ' k t i r i s h , suvsiz
e r itm a la r y o rd a m i bilan ekstrtaksiya qilish, ion a lm a s h in is h ,
flotatsiya
usu llari b ila n a m a lg a o sh irish m u m k in .
1. Ion
almashinish usuli.
Bu usul io n a l m a s h in is h x u su siy a tla rig a ega b o 'l g a n io n itla r b i
lan e r it m a d a g i kerak li i o n n i ajra tib olish yoki b o s h q a ion b ila n al-
m a s h tir is h g a a s o s la n g a n .
Bu usul y o r d a m i b ila n e r itm a d a g i keraksiz a r a l a s h m a l a r n i ajratib
olish yoki a l m a s h is h reaksiyasi a s o s id a tu rli m o d d a l a r n i s in te z qilish
m u m k in .
K a tio n it a lm a s h in is h k a tio n itla r y o rd a m i bilan — R H (R —
yuqori
m o le k u la li ra d ik a l) v o d o r o d ioni turli k a tio n la rg a a lm a s h in is h m u m
k in. M a s a la n , KC1 va N a N O , d a n kaliy n itr a tn i olish texn o lo g iy asi
q u y id a g ic h a k etad i:
A vvalo o s h tu z i e r itm a s i k a t i o n i td a n o 'tk a z ila d i:
R H + N a C l = R N a + HC1
S o 'n g r a R N a o rq a li kaliy x lo rid e ritm a s i y u b o rila d i:
R N a + KC1 = R K + N a C l
R K + N a N O , = R N a + K N 0
3
N a tija d a
kaliy n itra tn i o lin ib , R N a esa y a n a q a y ta re g eneratsiyaga
y u b o rila d i.
Kaliy n itra tn i a n io n itla r y o rd a m i bilan h a m olish m u m k in . B uning
u c h u n avvalo a n i o n i t R O H tu z kislotasi b ila n ish la n a d i:
R O H + HC1 = RC1 + H 20
S o 'n g r a RC1 N a N O , va KC1 b ila n ishlanadi:
RC1 + N a N 0
3
= R N O , + N a C l
R N 0
3
+ KC1 = RC1 + K N 0
3
I s h latilad ig an io n itla r xususiyatini q a ytarish (reg en e ratsiy a) u c h u n
u la r k u c h s iz k is lo ta la r va is h q o rla r b ila n ishlan ad i:
R N a + HC1 = R H + N a C l
RC1 + N a O H = R O H + N a C l
2 1 -
321
S h u u sul b ila n q a y ta r ilg a n io n itla r n i y illa r
d a v o m i d a ish latish
m u m k in . B u n in g u c h u n io n i tl a r m e x a n ik m u s t a h k a m l i k k a , y u q o ri
faollikka (yu tish xusu siy atig a), te r m ik k im y o v iy b a r q a r o r lik k a ,
suvda
e r im a slik k a , k im yoviy b a r q a r o r lik k a ega b o ‘lishlari kerak .
Io n a lm a s h in is h usu llari b ila n x lorsiz kaliy o ‘g ‘itla ri, e k stra k s io n
fosfor k islo ta sin i tu rli a r a l a s h m a l a r d a n ( i o n l a r d a n ) to z a la s h , fosfor
k islo ta s id a n turli fo sfa tla r olish m u m k in . M a s a la n ,
kaliy fosfatini
quyid ag i re a k siy a orq a li o lish m u m k in :
H 3P 0 4 + 3 R K = K 3R 0 4 + 3 H R
H o sil b o ‘lgan a r z o n kaliy tu z la r i b ila n a l m a s h t i r i s h m u m k i n .
I o n i t l a r k e n g k o ‘l a m d a s a n o a t o q o v a s u v la r id a n q i m m a t b a h o e l e
m e n t l a r n i ajra tib o lis h d a va t o z a la s h d a , su v n i q a y t a is h la s h d a y o r
d a m b e r a d i.
Dostları ilə paylaş: