l a n a di va b i r v a q t n i n g o ' z i d a m a g n e z i t ( M g O ) a z o t kislotasi er it masi
y u bo ri l ad i .
0 , 1 —0, 5 g r / / g a a m m i a k k a ega b o ‘lgan e r i t m a k o m b i n a t s i y a -
l a n g a c h b u g ‘latish a p p a r a t i g a (
6
) y ubor i ladi . B u g ‘latilgan a m m o n i y
s elitra e r it m a s i b a k k a (11) t us h ad i . S o ‘ngra b a k d a n nasos (12) orqali
m i n o r a (17) ustidagi s i q u v ch i b a k k a (15) j o ‘n at il adi .
B a k d a n e r i g a n a m m o n i y selitrasi a k us t i k d o n a l a s h t i r u v c h i (gra-
n u l y a t o r ) q u r i l m a g a y u b o r i l a d i . M i n o r a n i n g t e p a s i d a n ( balandligi
6 3, 5 m ) a m m o n i y selitrasi e r it m a s i sochi li b, p a s t d a n ha v o ber il adi.
N a t i j a d a a m m o n i y s e l i t r a n i n g t o m c h i l a r i q o t a d i va d o n a - d o n a
( g r a n u l) s h ak l i g a o ‘tadi.
E r i t m a d o n a l a s h qu ri l ma s i ga qot ish n u q t a s i d a n 5 —7°ga b a l a n d r o q
kel adi . N a m l i g i 0 , 2 % a m m o n i y selitrasi 167°Cda
kristall ho lg a kela
b os hl ab 140°C larda t o ‘liq qot adi . A S - 72 q u ri lm a s id a d on a l as h j ar a yo-
ni t o ‘g ‘r i b u r c h a k l i ( 8 x 1 1 me t r l i ), bal andl igi 5 0 — 55 m t e n g b o ‘lgan
m i n o r a d a bajariladi. B u n d a yuqor i bal andl ik t o m c h i n i n g o z m i q d o r d a
h a v o b il an 9 0 — 110°C q a d a r sovishi ni t a ’m i n qilishi u c h u n qabul
q i l i ng an . Ho z ir g i d a v r d a m i n o r a l a r i n i n g b u g ‘latish b o ‘limi m i n o r a
n i n g u s t i d a e m a s , balki p a s t d a j o y l a s h g a n b o ‘ladi. Bu n a r s a m i n o r a
n i n g konstruksiyasini s od da l as ht ir a di va a r z onl as ht ir a di . A S -6 7 q ur i l
m as i da b u g ‘latish b o ‘limi m i n o r a ust ida joy l as hg an edi. Buning u c h u n
m i n o r a m u r a k k a b va m u s t a h k a m konst ruksi yal i b o ‘lishi kerak.
A m m o n i y selitra d o n a c h a l a r i m i n o r a n i n g k o n u s q i s m i d a n t a s m a
t r a n s p o r t y o r u c h seksiyali q a y n o v c h i q a t l a m s o vi t gi c h id a sovitiladi
( y o z d a 4 0 — 50°, q i s h d a es a 2 0 — 30°C g a c h a ) va n a m l i g i 0 , 1 —0 , 15 %
q a d a r quri ti la di .
A m m o n i y selitra ishl ab c h i q a r i s h A S - 6 7 va A S - 7 2 q u r i l m a l a r i n i
m a q b u l
r e j i m d a ushl ab turish, x o m as h yo , ener gi yani tejash, xavfsizlik
t e x n i k a s i n i j o r i y qi lish m a q s a d i d a m a k s i m a l a v t o m a t l a s h t i r i l g a n .
A g r e g a t l ar n i i do r a qilish y a g o n a m a r k a z i y p u l t o rq a l i ol ib boriladi.
M a r k a z i y p u l t m n e m o s x e m a , p a r a m e t r l a r n i c h a q i r i s h k n o p k a l a r i ,
k o ‘r s a t uv c hi a s b o b l a r b i lan j i h o z l a n g a n .
A m m o n i y selitrasi o k s i d l ov c h i m o d d a b o ‘lib, y on i s h j a r a y o n i n i
k u c h a y t i r i s h x us us iyat iga ega, uni y op i q h o l a t d a
qizdirilsa por t l as hi
m u m k i n . P o r t l o v c h i m o d d a l a r i s h t i r o k i d a p a r c h a l a n a d i . S h u n i n g
u c h u n selitrani qizdirish yoki turli a r a l a s h ma l a r b i lan saqlash m u m k i n
e m a s . I s hl ab c h i q a r i s h d a v r i d a h a m t e m p e r a t u r a n i m o ‘tadil s h a r o -
i t da u s h l ab t u r i s h t avsi ya qi li na di . H a r o r a t h a m m a j a r a y o n l a r d a
190°C d a n oshmasl igi lozim, y a ’ni h a m m a j a r a y on l ar d a t e mp er a t ur an i
m o ‘tadil u s h l ab t u r u v c h i a v t o m a t i k r avishda ishl ovchi a s b ob l a r bilan
j i h o z l a s h l oz i m.
351
A m m o n i y s elit rani o m b o r l a r d a va v a g o n l a r d a j o ‘n a t is h d a vr i d a
y o n g ' i n l a r g a sabab b o ‘lishi m u m k i n . S h u n i n g u c h u n
a m m o n i y selitra
s aq l an g a n o m b o r d a b e g o n a m a t e r i a l l a r b o ‘lishi q a t ’iyan m a n qi li
n ad i, v a g o n l a r t o z a b o ‘lishi kerak. I s h c h i x o d i m l a r n i n g t urli h o d i s a -
l a r d a n s aq l as h u c h u n ma x s us k i yi ml a r b i lan t a ’m i n q il inga n b o ‘lish
kerak.
4.2. AMMONIY SULFATI
A m m o n i y sulfati q i s h l o q x o ‘j al i g i da q o ‘l la n i l a d i g a n a z o t
0
‘g ‘it-
laridan biridir. A m m o n i y sulfati rangsiz kristall m o d d a b o ‘lib tarkibi-
d a 21, 2 1 % a zo tg a egadir. S uvda yaxshi er iydi, o ‘zi n i ng a g r okimyovi y
xususiyati bilan n o r d o n o ‘g ‘itlar t u rk u m i g a kiradi. Fizik xususiyatlari-
ga k o ‘ra ijobiy, n a m n i o ‘ziga t o r t m a y d i , y op i s h q o ql i k xususiyati y o ‘q,
a m m o az otga k a m b a g ‘al va nordonligi bilan yu qo ri o ‘g ‘itlar t ur kumi ga
kiradi. A g a r d a a m m o n i y sulfatini k o ‘p yillar d a v o m i d a q o ‘llanilsa
t u p r o q n i o h a k b il an n e yt ra lla sh z a r u r b o ‘ladi. A m m o n i y sulfatini
sulfat ki slotasining a m m i a k bilan neyt ra l la sh us ul i da olish m u m k u i n .
Bu m a q s a d d a s i n t e t i k a m m i a k d a n f o y d a l a n i s h i qt i s o di y n u q t a y i
n a z a r d a n q i m m a t g a t u s h ga n i sababli hozi rgi d a v r d a a m m o n i y sulfati
deyarli c h i q i n d i a m m i a k l a r d a n ol in a d i . M a s a l a n , e n g k o ‘p t ar qa l g a n
usul koks ga z ida gi
a m m i a k d a n olish, k a p r o l a k t a m ishlab c h i q a r i s h -
dagi c h i q i n d i n i q a yt a ishlash va h.k.
Sulfat kislotasini a m m i a k b il an n e y t r a l l a s h j a r a y o n i n i quyidagi
reaksiya b o ‘y i c h a if o da l ash m u m k i n :
2 N H
3
(g) + H
2
S 0
4
(s) = ( N H
4
)
2
S 0
4
( q) + 27kJ.
Bu r a s m d a n k o ‘rinib t ur g a n i de k sulfat ki sl ota ning mi q d o r i g a qa r ab
turli n o r d o n t u z l a r hosil b o ‘lishi m u m k i n . Biz s i n t e z q i l m o q c h i
b o ‘lgan a m m o n i y s ul fat ini ng hosil b o ‘lish m a y d o n i 10°C A, , E, , С
va A 2, E 2, С 9 0° Cda.
R ea k si ya n at ij as ida k at t a m i q d o r d a issiqlik c h i q i b e r i t m a t ar k i b i -
dagi suvni b u g ‘latib, e r i t m a n i o ‘t a t o ‘y i ng an da r aj a g a olib kelishi
m u m k i n . B u n d a y e r i t m a d a n a m m o n i y sulfati kristall h ol a t g a keladi.
E r i t m a d a n kristallar t us h is h d a v r i d a a m m o n i y s ul fat ini ng n o r d o n
hol atdagi b i r i k m a l a r hosil b o ‘lishiga y o ‘l q o ‘ymasl ik
kat ta a h a mi y a t ga
ega. N o r d o n b i r i k m a l a r n i n g hosil b o ‘lishi, e r i t m a d a g i e r ki n h o l a t
dagi sulfat kisl ota sini ng m i q d o r i g a b o g ‘liq ( 4 . 6 - r a s m ) .
E r i t m a n i t o ‘yi nish u c ha s tk a l a r i . 1 - ( N H
4
)
2
S 0 4, 2 - 4 ( N H
4
)
2
S 0
4
•
• H
2
S 0 4, 3 - 3 ( N H
4
)
2
S 0
4
• H
2
S 0 4, 4 - ( N H
4
)
2
S 0
4
• H
2
S 0 4, 5 - ( N H
4
)
2
S 0
4
•
• 3 H
2
S 0
4
352