M a y d a l a n g a n silvinit s h n e k or qa li t a r o z i d a (3)
tort ili b, b i r i n ch i
e r it uvc hi s h n e k k a (4) ber iladi. Bi rinchi e r i t uv c hi s h n e k d a n ( uzunligi
8
m d = 2 , 7 6 ) , i k k i n c h i e r i t u v c h i s h n e k k a y u b o r i l a d i . N a m a k o p
quyi dagi t ar t ib ga ega b o ' l g a n 110— 130 g r / / K.C1 va 240 g r / / N a C l
m a x s u s i s i t g i c h d a 1 1 0 — 115° g a c h a i s i t i l i b , i k k i n c h i e r i t u v c h i
s h n e k n i n g
oxiriga ber il adi, n a t i j a d a silvinit n a m a k o p d a erib, tarkibi
q u y i d a g i c h a b o ' l a d i : 2 4 5 —265 g r / / KC1 va 2 1 5 —270 gr. N a C l bilan
yuvilib filtrlanadi (12), s o ' n g r a tashl ana di. E r i t m a er ituvchi s h n e k d a n
c h o ' k t i r u v c h i - q u y u q l a s h t i r u v c h i b a k k a (
8
) yu bo ri l ad i . Bu
6
- k o n u s -
lik c h o ' k t i r u v c h i b a k d a m a y d a loy z a r r a c h a l a r i c h o ' k a d i , j a r a y o n n i
t ezl ati sh u c h u n k a o g u l y a n t l a r ( m a s a l a n : p o l i a k r i l a m i d ) q o ' s h i l a d i .
C h o ' k t i r g i c h d a t iniql as ht i ri l ga n e r i t m a 14-b os qi ch l i
v a k u u m kris-
t a l la g i ch ga yub o ri l ad i . Bu k r i s ta l la gi chl ar da e r i t m a v a k u u m o st ida
q a y n a b , t e m p e r a t u r a s i p as ay a d i , n a t i j a d a K C
1
kristallari c h o ' k m a g a
tushadi . S h u n d a y qilib, k e t m a - k e t 14 b o s q i c h n i o ' t i b e r i t m a d a n KC1
ning asosiy qismi c h o ' k m a g a tushadi va c h o ' k m a
ajratilib, s e n t r i f u g a
ga y ub o r i l a d i . S e n t r i f u g a d a n qu ri t i s h b a r a b a n i d a qur i ti li b, t a y y o r
m a h s u l o t si fat ida o m b o r g a j o ' n a t i l a d i .
Kaliy x l o r i d n i n g aj rat ib o l i n g a n i d a n s o ' n g q o l g a n e r i t m a ( n a m a
k op) q uv u rc h a l i i sitgichda (7) isitilib, y a n a s ilvinit ni ng yangi qi smini
eritish u c h u n e r i t uv ch i s h n e k k a y ubor i ladi .
5.3.
KALIY S U L F AT I
M a ’l u m k i, kaliy b ir i kmal ar i dagi xl or ioni q is hl oq xo'jaligi m a h s u -
lot l a r i ni ng sifatiga salbiy t a ’sir qi ladi. S h u n i n g u c h u n xlorsi z kaliy
o ' g ' i t l a r i n i q o ' l l a s h m a q s a d g a muvof i q. Xlorsiz o ' g ' i t l a r d a n biri kaliy
sulfati h i s o b l a n a d i . Afsuski, t a b i a t d a kaliy sulfati k a m u c h r a y d i , sh u
sababli kaliy sul fat ni kaliy x l o r i d d a n k o n ve r s i ya qilib ol ish m a q s a d
ga mu v o fi q di r . Bu u s u l l a r d a n biri g i d r o t e r m i k usul b o ' l i b ,
b u sulfat
tu zl ar i ni kaliy xlorid b i l a n yu qo ri t e m p e r a t u r a d a (800°) k onver siya
qilish j a r a y o n i g a as os langa n.
M g S 0
4
+ K C l ( N a C l ) + H
2
0 - » M g O + K
2
S 0
4
( N a
2
S 0 4) + 2 H C 1 .
Xu d di s h u n d a y j a r a y o n n i gips b i l a n h a m ol ib b o r i s h m u m k i n .
G i d r o t e r m i k usul b il an a l u n i t n i h a m q ay t a i shlash m u m k i n .
( K
2
S 0
4
• A 1
2
( S 0 4) • 4 A 1 ( 0 H ) 3)
6 K C 1 + A 1
2
( S 0
4)3
+ 3 H 20 = 3 K
2
S 0
4
+ A 1
2
0
3
+ 6 H C 1
G i d r o t e r m i k usul e n e r g i y a k o ' p t al ab qi l ad ig an j a r a y o n b o ' l g a n -
ligi s aba bli , a n c h a q i m m a t g a t u s h a d i . S h u tufayli k o n v er s i on usul
366
a h a m i y a t i l i d i r . K o n v e r s i o n usul kaliy x l o r i d n i n g turli sulfat b i ri k
ma l ar i b il an a l m a s h i n i s h r e aksiyasiga a s os l a n g an :
2 K C 1 + M g S 0 4^ M g C l
2
+ K
2
S 0
4
Kaliy sul fat ini i on a l m a s h i n i s h usuli b il an h a m olish m u m k i n .
B u n i n g u c h u n m a g n i y s u l f a t n i n g issiq e r it m a s i
K - k a t i o n i t orqali
yub or i l ad i .
2 R K + M g S 0
4
F * R 2M g + K
2
S 0
4
E r i t m a 10— 15 °C q a d a r sovitilsa, kaliy sul fat i kr i st al lanadi va
c h o ‘k m a g a t u s h a d i , k a t i on i t n i re gener at siya qilish u c h u n kaliy xlorid
b i l a n is hl an ad i.
R 2M g + KC1 <=* R K + M g C l
2
Bu j a r a y o n , y a ’ni sorbsiya va r e g e n e r a t s iy a m a ’l u m
k a t t a hajmli
k o l o n n a l a r d a ket adi.
Dostları ilə paylaş: