shi ga m u m k i n . M a s a l a n , s e m e n t c h a n g l a r i d a kali yni ng m i q d o r i 10—
15% g a q a d a r b o ‘lishi m u m k i n .
S h u n d a y qi lib kaliy o ‘g ‘itla r i da KC1 17% d a n 4 0 % g a c h a , K 20
n i n g
m i q d o r i esa
10
—
12
% ga q a d a r b o ‘lishi m u m k i n .
Silvinit va k a r n al i t r u d a l a r i n i n g KC1 ga q a y t a ishlash ikki usul
b i l a n olib bor i li shi m u m k i n .
Bi r i n c h i usul — m e x a n i k usul b o ‘lib, a s os an fl ot at si ya j a r a y o n i g a
aso s l a n ga n.
I k k i nc h i usul kaliy m i n e r a l l a r i n i n g t arki bi ga kirgan t u zl a r n i ng
e r u v c h a n l i k t e m p e r a t u r a koef fitsi yenti t u r l i c h a q i y m a t g a ega b o ‘lga-
niga a s o s l a n g a n b o ‘lib, b u usul ni t e x n i k a d a G a l l u r g i y a usuli deb
atal adi.
Silvinitning flotatsiya usuli bilan qayt a ishlash u c h u n avvalo silvinit
z a r r a c h a l a r i 1— 3 m m b o ‘l g u n c h a m a y d a l a n a d i . Avvalo o ‘rta d a r a j a
g a c h a , y a ’ni z a r r a c h a l a r 15 m m q a d a r juval i yoki t o ‘q m o q l i m a y d a -
l o v ch i m a s h i n a l a r d a m a y d a l a n a d i , s o ‘n gr a z o ‘l d i r t e g i r m o n l a r d a
m a y d a l a n a d i .
L o y - k a r b o n a t a r a l a s h m a l a r i d a n t o z a l a s h u c h u n
asosiy flotatsiya-
d a n ilgari a r a l a s h m a l a r n i n g t u r l i c h a s uv da c h o ‘ki shiga a s os langa n
g i dravl ik usul, gravi tatsiya usuli q o ‘llanishi m u m k i n .
S h u n d a y qilib, t o z a l a n g a n r u d a flotatsiya j a r a y o n i g a yubori ladi.
F l o t a t s i o n m a s h i n a g a turli b i r i k m a l a r sol inadi , u l a r ni f l o t o a g e n tl a r
d e b at al adi. B i r i n ch i n a v b a t d a y i g‘uvchi a ge nt sifatida, si lvinni ng
sirtini gidrofobizatsiya qilish va h a vo puf a kc ha l ar iga yopishishi u c h u n
k o l l e k t o r l a r si fat ida k a t i o n f a o l yu qo ri m o l e k u l a l i k o r g a n i k m o d d a
l a r —a s e t a t l a r yoki b i r l a m c h i alifatik a m i n l a r n i n g xloridlari, p ar af l n,
n a f t e n u g l e v o d o r o d l a r i qofl lani ladi .
Mo d i f i k at o rl a r flotatsiyasiga ker ak b o fl m a ga n z a r r a ch a l a r n in g k o l
l e k t o r l a r t o m o n i d a n sor bsi ya qi lishi ni k a m a y t i r a d i va l oy z a r r a c h a -
larini kaogul at si ya b o ‘lish j a r a yo n i n i tezlashtiradi. F lo k ul y a n tl a r sifa
t i d a n o o r g a n i k ( k r e m n i y k i s l o t a n i n g k o l l o i d e r i t m a s i , i s h q o r i y
m e t a l l a r n i n g me t af o s f a t t uz l ar i) , o r g a n i k m o d d a l a r ( p ol i ak ri l ami d,
ka r bo ks i l m e t i l s e l l ul oz a , m o c h e v i n o - f o r m a l d e g i d s mol as i va b o s h q a
lar) qof l lani ladi .
M u h i t n i n g P H ni q u l ay d a r a j a d a u s hl ab t ur i sh
u c h u n i s h q o r yoki
k i s l ota l a r qoMlaniladi. S il vi ni t ni ng flotatsiya qilish d av r i da k o ‘pik
hosil q il uvchi m o d d a beril sa yoki q o ‘s h m a s a h a m b o ‘ladi, c h u n k i
N a C l va K C 1 b i l an t o ‘y i n g an e r i t m a suv in in g b a r b o t a j usuli bilan
b e r g a n d a o ‘z - o ‘z i d a n k o ‘pira boshl aydi .
F l o t a t s i o n usul o d a t d a yuqor i sifatli silvinit ruda la ri u c h u n q o ‘lla-
nadi. Ta r k i b i d a loy zarrachalar i k o ‘p boflgan past sifatli r uda la r u c h u n
gallurgiya usuli qoMlaniladi.
363
5.1. GALLURGIYA US ULI
G a l l u r g i y a u s u li n in g n az a ri y asosl ar ini kaliy x l o r i d n i n g silvinit-
d a n olish m i s o l i d a k o ‘rish m u m k i n . Silvinit KC1 va N a C l t u z l a r i d a n
tashkil t o p g a n b o ‘lib, ul ar ni b i r- b i r i d a n a ja r at is h j a r a y o n i , e r u v c h a n
ligi t u r l i c h a boNga niga a s o s l a n g a n d i r . 9 4 - r a s m d a xlorid va sulfat
t u z l a r i n i n g 0° d a n 100°C g a c h a e r u v c ha n l i g i k o ‘rsatilgan.
Bu d i a g r a m m a d a k o ‘r sa ti lgani dek M g C l 2, KC1
va N a C l n i ng past
t e m p e r a t u r a d a e r u v c h a n l i g i bir xil d es a k b o ‘ladi. A m m o t e m p e -
r a t u r a n i n g oshishi b i lan KC1 n i n g e r u v c h a n l i g i keski n o s ha d i , N a C l
n i ng esa deyarl i o ‘z g a r m a y d i . D e m a k t u z l a r n i n g t e m p e r a t u r a e r u v
c h a n l i k koef fitsi yenti t u r l i c h a b o ‘lar e k a n. M a z k u r d i a g r a m m a d a
t u z l a r n i n g s o f h o l a t d a b o ‘lgan h ol a t l ar i d a gi e r u v c h a n l i g i d i r , a g a r d a
b i r v a q t d a e r i t m a d a turli t u z l a r isht ir ok e t s a , e r u v c h a n l i k a l b a t t a
b o s h q a q i y m a t g a ega b o ‘ladi.
5 . 1 - r a s m d a K C l - N a C l - H 20 t i zi mda 10, 40, 70 va 100° er uvchanl ik
i z o t e r ma s i b a y o n qi linga n. Bu d i a g r a m m a b o ' y i c h a KC1 va N a C l
s ha r oi t g a q a r a b b u g ' l a t i s h d a v r i d a kristallga t u s h i s h
yoki er ib ketish
hol lari ni a n i q l a s h m u m k i n .
A ga r da t o ' y i n m a g a n e r i t m a n i t o ' y i n g u n c h a b u g ‘latilsa b u g ' l a t i -
shi nu r i , k o o r d i n a t b o sh i b il an «о» n u q t a s i n i bi rl as ht ir i sh chi zi g' i
b o ' y l a b ketadi.
D i a g r a m m a n i n g B C c h i z i g ' i e r i t m a n i n g KC1 b i l a n t o ' y i n g a n
holatini, A C chizig'i esa N a C l bilan t o ' yi ng an i ni ko' r satadi . С nuqtasi
es a e v t o n i k n u q t a b o ' l i b , e r i t m a KC1 va N a C l b i l a n t o ' y i n g a n
h ol at di r. A g a r d a b o s h l a n g ' i c h e r i t m a m i z n i n g tarkibi
«а»
n u q t a b i
l an b el gi la ns a, u v a q t d a e r i t m a n i b u g ' l a t i s h na t i j as i da 10°, 40°C
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