3 .6. HAVO AJRATISH Q U R IL M A L A R IN IN G XILLARI
H o z i r g i v a q t d a a m a l i y o t d a o ‘z i d a c h u q u r s o v u q l i k hosil qila
ol adi gan h a vo ajratish quri lmal ari k eng k o ‘l a m d a ishl at il moqda. C h u
q u r sovuql ik hosil qilish a s os an u c h xil — L i n d e , K l o d va Kapitsa
s ik lla ri da n b i r o n t a s i n i q o ‘l lagan q u r i l m a l a r t o m o n i d a n yarat iladi.
101
3 .4 - j a d v a l
A Z O T V A K I S L O R O D I S H L A B C H I Q A R U V C H I H A V O N I A J R A T I S H Q U R I L M A L A R I N I N G
T A V S I F N O M A L A R I
H
Qurilma xillari
Ajratilayotgan
havo miqdori,
m 3/s o a t
Qurilmaning unumdorligi, m 3/ s o a t
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G - 6 8 0 0
1400
5400
5200
—
—
—
—
—
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0,7 6
2
.
Kt-3600
1 0 0 0
19000
—
—
3600
—
—
—
2 , 0
0,1 8
3.
KA-5
—
32000
1500
—
4 8 5 0 p.b.
—
—
—
0,4 8
0,2 3
4.
A K t- 1 6 -2
—
48500
16000
—
8850 p.b.
150 yu.b.
—
0,0 5
0,4
0,5 4
0 ,5 2
5.
KtA -12-3
BR-1
—
6 8 0 0 0
—
3000
13000
300
0,0 5
0,55
0,4 29
0 ,4 9
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K t-1 2 -3
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68000
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50
13000
300
0,0 5
0,55
0,432
0 , 2 0
7.
Akt-17-1
B R-9
—
84500
17000 p.b.
1 0 0 0
o ‘.b.
—
16000
150
—
0,7
0,479
0,40
8
.
K tK -35-3
—
180000
—
1 0 0 0 0
24200
1 1 0 0 0
p.b.,
6 7 0 (kg
suyuq havo)
0 ,1 4
1,5
0,4
0 ,2 6
Eslatma:
U s h b u j a d v a l d a q u y i d a g i b e lg i la r q a b u l q i l in g a n : p .b . — p a s t b o s i m ; o ‘.b. — o ‘rta b o s i m ; y.b. — y u q o r i b o s i m .
Hozir gi d a v r d a b u sikllardan a s os an ikkitasi, y a ’ni faqat yuqor i bosi m
(20 M P a ) q o ‘l l aydi gan L i n d e sikli va past b o s i m (0, 6 M P a ) g a c h a
si qi lga n h a v o q o ‘l laydi gan K a p i t s a sikli a s o si d a i s hl ay d ig an q u r i l
m a l a r q o ‘l l a n i l m o q d a .
S h u n d a y qilib, h a v o a j ra t i sh q u r i l m a l a r i b i r - b i r i d a n b i r q a t o r
omi ll ar : c h u q u r sov uq li k hosil qilish u c h u n q o ‘l laydi gan b o s i m m i q
do r i , q u r i l m a n i h a v o va ishlab c h i q a r a y o t g a n m a h s u l o t l a r i : t oz a azot
(ikki xil n a v d a — 9 9 , 9 9 8 % N 2 va 9 9 , 9 8 0 % N 2), t ex n o l og i k kislorod
( 9 2 — 9 5% 0 2), t e x n i k k i s l or od ( 9 9 , 6 % 0 2), i ne r t ga z la r t o ‘pl aml ar i :
k r i p t o n va k s e n o n , n e o n va geliy b o ‘y i c h a u n u m d o r l i k l a r i h a m d a
1 m 3 k i s l o r o d i shlab c h i q a r i s h u c h u n e l ek tr e n e r g i y a n i n g s ol i sh t i r ma
sarfi va h o k a z o l a r bilan farq qiladi. U l a r n i n g asosiy qismlari quyidagi
3 . 4 - j a d v a l d a kel ti ri lgandi r. Bu j a d v a l d a n k o ‘rinib t ur i bd ik i, ikki xil,
y a ’ni y u q o r i (20 M P a ) va past (0, 6 M P a ) b o s i m n i q o ‘llab, c h u q u r
sovuqlik hosil qiladigan q u ri lmal ar ga faqat G - 6 8 0 0 va Kt -3 6 0 0 xildagi
a g r e g a t l a r kiradi.
Bu a g r e g a t l a r d a n G - 6 8 0 0 r usuml isi j a d v a l n i n g q o ' l l a n i l a y o t g a n
h a r b ir k u b o m e t r x o m a s h y o h a v o g a n i s b a t a n ishlab c h i q ar i l a y o t g a n
m a h s u l o t b a n d i b o ‘y i c h a e n g yu q or i k o ‘r s a t k i ch g a t e n g b o ‘l sa - da ,
a m m o b u q u r i l m a h o z i r g i v a q t d a a m a l i y o t d a q o ‘l l a n m a y d i va
k e l a j a k d a h a m ishlab c h i q a r i l m a y d i , s aba bi b u q u r i l m a m a ’naviy
j i h a t d a n j u d a eskirib k e t g a ni , u n u m d o r l i g i e n g past , e n e r g i y a sarfi
b o ‘y i c h a n i s b a t a n y u q or i ( g a r c h a n d b u m i q d o r j a d v a l d a k o ‘rsatilgan
b o ‘l m a s a h a m ) va e n g asosiysi — bu q u r i l m a d a rangli met al l —
t o z a m i s e n g k a t t a sarfga ega b o ‘lgani, b u n i n g as os id a esa q u r i l m a n i
p o r t l a b ket ishi xavfi j u d a kat tal igi dadi r.
S h u n d a y qilib, y u q o r i d a b a y o n e t il gan ikki q u r i l m a d a n t as hqar i
q o l g a n b a r c h a q u r i l m a l a r b i r g i na past — 0, 6 M P a b o s i m d a ishlaydi.
Bu q u r i l m a l a r d a n Kt K - 3 5 - 3 r usumlisi q a y t a i s h l a n a d i g a n h a v o n i n g
e n g kat taligi b o ‘y i c h a , s o l i s h t i r m a e l e k t r e ne rgi ya s i sarfi b o ‘y i c h a
e n g pastligi, i ne r t ga z la r t o ‘p l a m l a r i ishlab c h i q a r i s h b o ‘y i c h a eng
y u q o r i k o ‘r s a tk i c h l a r g a e g a b o ‘l sa- da , a m m o y u q or i sifatli t o z a az ot
u m u m a n i shlab c h i q a r m a y d i va i s hl at il ayotga n h a v o g a n i s b a t a n oli-
n a y o t g a n m a h s u l o t k o ‘r sa tki chi m i q d o r i e n g past di r.
S h u n i n g b i l a n birga, a y r im K A - 5 , A K t - 1 6 - 2 h a m d a A K t - 1 5 ( bu
q u r i l m a j a d v a l d a keltirilgan b o ‘l ma s a h a m ) rusuml i q u r i l m a l ar d a sin-
t e t i k a m m i a k ishlab c h i q a r i s h u c h u n z a r u r x o m a s h y o — t o z a azot
va tabiiy g az ni konver siya qilib v o d o r o d ishlab c hi q a r i s h u c h u n kerak
b o ‘lgan t e x n o l o g i k kislorod ( 9 2 ± 9 5 % 0 2) h a m b i r v a q t n i n g o ‘zi da
ishlab ch i qa r i l ad i.
T a h l i l d a n k o ‘rinadiki, havoni ajratish quri lmal ari a w a l a m b o r q o ‘l-
l ani sh s o ha s i g a q a r ab t a n l a n m o g ‘i lozi m. F a q a t t o z a ( 9 9 , 9 9 % N 2)
103
azot ishlab chi qa r ad ig an havo ajratish quri lmal ari v o d o r o d n i elektroliz
yoki koks g az ini past t e m p e r a t u r a l a r d a ajratish y o ‘li b i lan olib, si n-
tetik a m m i a k ishlab c h i q a r a d i g an h a m d a k o nv er t i r l a ng a n gazni s uyuq
a z o t b il an u g le r o d m o n o o k s i d i d a n t o z a l a s h k o x o n a l a r i d a quriladi.
T e x n o l o g i k kislorod ( 9 2 —95% 0 2) ishlab c h i q a r a d i g a n h a v o aj
rati sh q ur i l m a l a r i tabi iy va y o ‘ldosh u g l e v o d or o d l i ga z la rn i k o n ve r -
siyalash h a m d a spirt va sintetik a m m i a k sintezi u c h u n dastlabki gazli
x o m a s h y o olish m a q s a d i d a y o q i l g ‘ini g a z if ikat siya l a s h j a r a y o n l a r i d a
k eng q o ‘l l anadi . M a s a l a n , 1 m 3 C O + H 2 a r a l a s h m a s i n i ishl ab c h i
qar is h u c h u n kislorod sarfi: t abiiy g az ni k a t a l i t i k konver siyasi usuli-
d a — 0 , 2 0 5 m 3; yu qo ri t e m p e r a t u r a l i k o n v e r s i y a d a — 0 , 2 5 5 m 3;
m a z u t n i n o k a t a l i t i k gaz i fi ka t s i ya la sh d a — 0, 33 m 3 ni tashkil etadi.
Tabiiy gaz tarkibidagi m e t a n n i t e r mo ok si dl ov ch i piroliz usuli bilan
1 t o n n a asetilen ishlab c hi qar ilga nda 3600 m 3, 1 t o n n a azot kislotasini
t o ‘g ‘r i d an t o ‘g ‘ri s i nt ez qilish usuli b il an o l i n g a n d a 120— 150 m 3
kislorod s a r f b o ‘ladi va h ok a z o.
H a v o n i ajratish qu r i l ma l ar i y a n a q o ‘s h i m c h a r a vis hda quyidagi —
faqat t o z a a z ot ; yoki faqat t ex ni k ki sl or od, y o ki faqat t exn o lo gi k
ki s l or o d, y ok i t o z a a z o t va t e x n o l o g i k k i s l or od ; yoki y u qo ri da g i
m a h s u l o t l a r b i lan bir q a t o r d a i nert ga z la r yoki u l a r t o ‘p l a m l a r i i sh
lab c h i q a r a d i g a n xillarga b o ‘linishi m u m k i n . Agr e ga t holati b o ‘yi cha
y uq o ri da k o ‘rsatilgan m a h s u l o t l a r ga z yoki s uy u q, yoki ikkala ho l at da
h a m ishlab c h i q a r a d i g a n h a vo ajratish q u r i l m a l a r i b o ‘lishi m u m k i n .
0 ‘z b e k i s t o n Respubl ikasi bogMangan a z o t k o r x o n a l a r i d a hozirgi
d a v r d a yirik u n u m d o r l i k k a ega b o ‘lgan, yu qo ri a v t o m a t l a s h g a n havo
a j r a t i s h q u r i l m a l a r i n i n g q u y i d a g i xi lla ri i s h l a t i l m o q d a : A K t - 1 5
( B R - 6 ) ; A K t - 1 7 - 1 ( B R - 9 ) , K- 1 5 va h okaz ol a r . Bu y e r da k o ‘rsatilgan
B R - 6 , B R - 9 va sh u ka b i l ar r us tilida « б л о к р а з д е л е н и я » , y a ’ni
ajratish bl ok i, 6,9 va h o k a z o r a q a m l a r esa q u r i l m a xilining t art ib
s on i ni k o ‘rsatadi.
3.7. AKT- 15 R U S U M L I HAVO A J R A T I S H Q U R I L M A S I
T E X N O L O G I K T AS VI RI
Bir v a q t n i n g o ‘zida h a m t o z a az ot ( kons entr at siya si 9 9 , 9 9 8 % N 2),
h a m t e x n o l o g i k k is lor od ( ko ns e nt r a t s i y a s i 9 5 , 0 0 0 % 0 2) ishl ab c h i
q a r a d i ga n h a v o ajratish q u r i l m a l a r i d an biri bu — A K t - 1 5 , y a ’ni BR- 6
r us uml i h a v o ajratish q ur i lma s i b o ‘lib, u n i n g t e x n o l o g i k tasviri 3.9-
r a s m d a k o ‘rsati lgandir.
Bu q u r i l m a n i n g a t m o s f e r a havosi b o ‘y i c h a u n u m d o r l i g i o ‘r t a c h a
4 3000 m 3/ s o a t , t oz a az ot b o ‘y i c h a 15000 m 3/ s o a t va t ex n ol o gi k kis-
104
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