RUAS
Department of Biotechnology (2021-22)
Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory
The pattern of lines that form can be interpreted to determine the relationship between the
antigens and antibodies.
X Y Z
Pattern of Identity Pattern of Partial Identity
Pattern of Non Identity
Fig 1: Antigen- Antibody Patterns formed in Ouchterlony Double Diffusion
Pattern of Identity: X
Pattern of identity occurs when the antigens in the two wells are identical and specific for
the antibody in the antiserum present in the third well. The concentration of the two
antigens being the same, they will diffuse at the same rate resulting in a smooth line of
precipitate. The antibodies cannot distinguish between the two antigens i.e. the two
antigens are immunologically identical as shown in Fig 1.
Pattern of Partial Identity: Y
Pattern of partial identity occurs when the antigens in the two wells share some epitopes
which are same for both, yet each of the two antigens also have unique epitopes. In this
case antiserum contains polyclonal antibodies specific for each epitope. When one of the
antigen has some of the same epitopes compared to other, the polyclonal antibody
population will respond differently to the two antigens and the precipitin line formed for
each antigen will be different. The ‘spur’ is thought to result from the determinants present
in one antigen but lacking in the other antigen (refer to Fig 1).
A similar pattern of partial identity is observed if the antibodies are cross reactive with an
epitope on one of the antigen that is similar, but not identical to that present on the other
antigen.
Pattern of Non-Identity: Z
Pattern of non-identity occurs when the antigens in the two wells are totally different. They
are neither cross reactive, nor do they have any epitopes which are same. In this case the
antiserum containing the antibodies is heterogeneous as some of the antibodies react with
antigen in one well while some react with antigen present in the other well. So the two
antigens are immunologically unrelated as far as that antiserum is concerned (refer to Fig 1).
RUAS
Department of Biotechnology (2021-22)
Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory
Materials Required:
Procedure:
1.
Prepare 10 ml of 1% agarose (as given in important instructions).
2.
Cool the solution to 55-60
o
C and pour 5 ml/plate on to grease free glass plates placed on
a horizontal surface. Allow the gel to set for 30 minutes.
3.
Place the glass plate on the template provided.
4.
Punch wells with the help of the gel puncher corresponding to the markings on the
template. Use gentle suction to avoid forming of rugged wells.
5.
Add 10 μl each of the antiserum and the corresponding antigens to the wells as shown
in fig 2.
6.
Keep the glass plate in a moist chamber overnight at 37
o
C.
7.
After incubation, observe for opaque precipitin lines between the antigen and antiserum
wells.
X
Y
Z
Fig 2: Template for addition of antiserum and antigen to their respective wells
RUAS
Department of Biotechnology (2021-22)
Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory
Observation:
Result:
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