RUAS
Department of Biotechnology (2021-22)
Immunology and Molecular
Biology Laboratory
Experiment 4
DOT ELISA
Introduction:
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay or ELISA is a sensitive immunological technique to detect the
presence of a specific antigen (Ag) or antibody (Ab) in a biological sample. It utilizes the dual
properties of antibody molecules being specific in reactivity and their ability to be conjugated to
active molecules such as enzymes. An enzyme conjugated with an antibody reacts with a
chormogenic colourless substrate to generate a coloured reaction product. ELISA is extensively used
for diagnostic purpose which utilizes the dual properties. It requires an immobilized
antigen/antibody bound to a solid support (e.g. microtitre plate or membrane). There are different
types of ELISAs for the detection of a protein of interest in a given sample. One of the most common
ELISA is dot ELISA which can visually detect the presence of an antigen very quickly. The
nitrocellulose dot technique was first developed for screening large number of hybridoma antibodies
in 1983.
Aim:
Principle:
RUAS
Department of Biotechnology (2021-22)
Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory
Materials Required:
Procedure:
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Before starting the experiment the entire procedure has to be read carefully.
Always wear gloves while performing the experiment.
Dilute required amount of 1 OX Assay Buffer to IX with distilled water, before
use.
Do not cross-contaminate reagents.
Never leave the reagents at room temperature.
Ensure that all the three zones of the strip are immersed jn
solution. Assay buffer: Phosphate buffered saline — Tween
(PBST).
1. Take 2 ml of IX Assay Buffer in a test tube and add 2 pl of the test serum sample. Mix
thoroughly by pipetting. Insert a Dot-ELISA strip into the tube.
2. Incubate the tube at room temperature for 20 minutes. Discard the solution.
3. Wash the strip two times by dipping it in 2 ml of IX Assay Buffer for about 5 minutes
each. Replace the buffer each time.
4. Take 2 ml of IX Assay Buffer in a fresh test tube, add 2 pl of HRP conjugated antibody
to it. Mix thoroughly by pipetting. Dip the ELISA strip into it and allow the reaction to
take place for 20 minutes.
5. Wash the strip as in step # 3 for two times.
6. In a collection tube (provided in the kit) take 1.3 ml of TMB/H202 and dip the ELISA
strip into this substrate solution.
7. Observe the strip after 5 - 10 minutes for the appearance of a blue spot.
8. Rinse the strip with distilled water.
RUAS
Department of Biotechnology (2021-22)
Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory
Flowchart:
RUAS
Department of Biotechnology (2021-22)
Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory
Observation:
Result:
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